\0 QuickLX, \1 moreEXM, \2 QuickView, \3 LxPic, \4 PwrMon
\5 BigTime, \6 Read+pick, \7 PalEdit+history/macros, \8 maxdos, \9 MiniDict, \10 DbCheck, \11 DbView, \12 FastDb \13 LOTUS
	format right margins 40 64 79 106
system tests = esc+on; list files = pkunzip -vbm z9...
mem = mem /c > mem.txt; 15% discount = $50--15%= 42.50 [enter]
 chng dir: (space)+cd = cd dry-dat#1C0D
 view _chosen_ file(s): /- = pkunzip -cm z9...+file name
 passw.: -* = pkunzip -s -cm z9... asks for passw
| = all memory, or |256 = 256k for appl.
 = prevents switch to other apps
 = suppress DOS message

\0 QuickLX v1 1995
 small TSR program that runs in the background and monitors all your typing both in applications that run under the HP1/200LX system manager and DOS applications in text mode. For DOS quickdos.com, qsync.com and quick.dat have to be in c:\ and a copy of quick.dat in C:\_dat to update with qsync. All editors must be in the path.
 keys:
 * Right arrow key - Whenever QUICK/LX suggests a word, you can press the right arrow key to accept the suggestion. QUICK/LX will type in the rest of the word for you. You also can ignore the suggestion and just keep on typing.
 * Ctrl-Q - Whenever you have typed a word that you want to add to the dictionary of QUICK/LX, press the CTRL key and the Q key together immediately after entering the word. QUICK/LX will display the word within its window. Now, you have to confirm that the word should be added by pressing the right arrow key. If you press any other key, the window disappears and QUICK/LX does not add the word to its dictionary.
 If you press Ctrl-Q in any situation, other than immediately after entering a word, QUICK/LX will display a small setup status window that will show the text: "Setup: QBlD". The letters indicate whether certain features are enabled or not:
 Q: QUICK/LX is enabled
 q: .. is disabled (does not make any suggestions)
 B: QUICK/LX beeps whenever the suggestion window is shown
 b: .. does not beep
 L: QUICK/LX learns new words "on the fly"
 l: .. does not automatically learn new words you enter
 D: QUICK/LX uses the primary dictionary
 d: .. uses the secondary dictionary
 When the "Setup" window is displayed, if you press one of the keys q, b, l or d, the associated feature is toggled.
	Using QSYNC
QUICK/LX copies the dictionary file into system memory and uses this copy during operation. Therefore, if you change any words in C:\_DAT\QUICK.DAT or add new words to it, QUICK/LX will not notice these changes automatically.
 To gain access to the new changes, after editing QUICK.DAT, run the utility QSYNC.COM to tell QUICK/LX you have changed something. QSYNC will synchronize the file and the dictionary that is in memory. Also, if you add new words to the QUICK/LX dictionary by pressing Ctrl-Q, the new words are not added to the file C:\_DAT\QUICK.DAT automatically (although they are available in the memory resident copy of the dictionary currently being used by QUICK/LX.) You have to run the QSYNC utility to tell QUICK/LX to save these changes to the file. When you run QSYNC new words (added by pressing Ctrl-Q or by the learning feature) are appended to C:\_DAT\QUICK.DAT and the QUICK/LX memory resident dictionary is reloaded from the  C:\_DAT\QUICK.DAT file.
	Delaying QUICK/LX's Suggestion
 Often you will find that you have many words in the dictionary which all start with the same first two characters. In such cases, QUICK/LX's first suggestion is usually not the one you want. Fortunately, you can tell QUICK/LX to delay making a suggestion for such words until you have entered more characters. If a word in the dictionary starts with a digit, this digit tells QUICK/LX that it only should display a suggestion if at least that number of characters match with the entered word. For example, "3sophisticated" (without the quotes) requires at least the first 3 characters to match, i.e., you have to type "sop" before QUICK/LX will suggest the word "sophisticated". If there is no leading digit, the default of at least two characters must match.
	Expanding Acronyms
 QUICK/LX can also be used to expand acronyms or even your own special "shorthand." If you enter the line:
4asap=as soon as possible
into the QUICK/LX dictionary, QUICK/LX will suggest "as soon as possible" when you enter the four characters "asap". If you accept the suggestion, the four characters "asap" will be removed and replaced by the text "a soon as possible".
	QUICK/LX Macros
 QUICK/LX can press almost any key on the keyboard for you. If QUICK/LX finds the character '#' within a word or phrase in the dictionary file, it takes the next four digits as the hexa- decimal value of a scan code to be entered.
 For example @p=#0e08#7e83#7300#fe83#d500#b400#3e00#d600#1c0d
If you run MEMO and type a name, followed by a space and "@p". QUICK/LX will suggest to you the string of characters above. If you press the "right-arrow" key, the name preceding the @p will be searched in the phone book.
 @p=Phone=#0e08#7e83#7300#fe83#d500#b400#3e00#d600#1c0d
The string "=Phone" will be displayed, which makes it much easier to remember what the macro does.
	 QUICK/LX Command Line Options 
 You can also customize QUICK/LX by starting it with optional parameters in the command line entered in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. The following command line options are available:
 /b - Do not beep when a suggestion is found.
 /i - Ignore the case of the words.
 /n - Do not write the sorted data back to the dictionary file. This allows you to find newly entered (and "learned") words easier, since they are all at the end of the file. However, if you use this option, QUICK/LX must sort the same words each time. Therefore, using this option will cause QUICK/LX to take longer to start, and QSYNC longer to run.
 /c - Do not show the suggestion window in sysmgr applications if the graphics cursor is not shown. This prevents the QUICK/LX window from popping up in "strange" locations. However, it also prevents QUICK/LX from operating in 123 or DataComm since they do not use the graphics cursor.
 /s - Allows scrolling through matching words by using the up and down arrow keys while a suggestion is displayed. You will see an arrow at the end of the suggested word that indicates there are more matching words available.
 /'n' - Makes a suggestion only if at least 'n' characters match with a word in the QUICK/LX dictionary. The default is 2
 /l'n' - Automatically adds all typed words that are at least 'n' characters long to the dictionary (learning mode). You also can toggle this feature online by pressing Ctrl-Q l
 /m'n' - If the learning mode is enabled (by /l), this option tells QUICK/LX how many times a word must be typed before it is added to the dictionary (the default is 1.) For example, if you start QUICK/LX with: QUICK /l6 /m3  then words which are at least six characters long, are added to the dictionary once you have typed them at least three times since you started QUICK/LX (or run QSYNC the last time.)
 /r'n' - Reserve 'n' bytes for new words that are added using Ctrl-Q or the learning feature (the default is 512.)
 /h'x' - Set the QUICK/LX hot key (default is Ctrl-Q) to the key with the scan code 'x' (in hexadecimal). For example, use "/h1e01" if you want the Ctrl-A to be the hot key.
 /o'x' - Set the "accept" key (default is the right-arrow key) to the key with the scan code 'x' (in hex). For example, "/o0f09" will cause the {TAB} key to be the accept key.
Example: QUICK.COM /b /3 /r2000 will cause QUICK/LX to suggest a word if the first three characters match, and when showing the suggestion window, QUICK/LX will not beep. A buffer of 2000 bytes is allocated for new words.
 Note: If you use the "/l" option, it is recommended that the word buffer be enlarged with the "/r" option. A useful command line setting might be: "QUICK.COM /r2000 /l6 /m3".
 In addition to the options listed above, QUICK/LX accepts a file name on the command line. If a file name is given, the dictionary data is read from that file instead of from C:\_DAT\QUICK.DAT. This feature is useful if you don't want to keep the dictionary on the "small" C: drive.
 If QUICK/LX is already resident in memory and you run it again, it will unload from memory if this is possible (it is not possible if another TSR has changed interrupt 16h or 5fh).
	 QSYNC Command Line Options 
QSYNC accepts a file name on the command line. If a file name is given, the dictionary data is read from that file instead of from C:\_DAT\QUICK.DAT. You will need to use this option if you specify a dictionary file name when you start QUICK/LX. You also can use this feature if you use multiple dictionary files.
 If you start QSYNC with the /i option, it runs in interactive mode. In this mode, QSYNC will prompt you to confirm if each word which has been added to the dictionary in memory should be added to the dictionary file.
	The QCLEAN Utility
The QCLEAN utility allows you to detect and delete suspicious words (those which contain characters other than only letters) and add prepending digits. [snip]
	Using Two Dictionaries
QUICK/LX supports two dictionaries. You can toggle between a primary dictionary and a secondary dictionary by pressing "D" in the setup window. If the primary dictionary is selected, QUICK/LX only suggests words from the primary dictionary and adds new words to it. If the secondary dictionary is selected, QUICK/LX only suggests words from the secondary dictionary and adds new words to it.
 If QUICK/LX is started with the /a option, then it will automatically switch between the two dictionaries whenever you type a complete word which is contained in one of the dictionary lists. This feature is most useful if you write documents in two languages. QUICK/LX can then automatically detect which language you are using and use the appropriate word list.
 Both dictionaries are kept within the same file. Words that belong to the secondary dictionary have a dot ( .') prepended. A simple example of a bilingual (German-English) dictionary file:
 .Anfang
 .rostig
 .3ziemlich
 3beginning
 quite
 rusty

\1 moreEXM V.1.6
 appmngr ems progs 100LX max=9 (200=8)
Some EXM programs need an overlapped display - place a '1' as a third parameter: a:\bin\tasklist.exm,7900,1,Task List
 This will suppress clear-screen at starting of application.
When you do not want to suppress it, '0' should be specified as the third parameter: a:\bin\gs.exm,7900,0,Global Search
 You can also eliminate this parameter entirely: a:\bin\gs.exm,7900,Global Search
 The latter format is compatible with APNAME.LST. At the end of the list it needs a "hard return"
 A "socket" is a term used to describe the memory area to hold information of an EXM program. MoreEXM loads this area with information in MOREEXM.INI and prepares several vacant sockets for EXM to be added later by MoreEXM API. The default number of vacant sockets is 4. You can change this number by option -s, for example:  moreexm -s10 will load MoreEXM with 10 vacant sockets. A large number is necessary if the utility you use loads EXM applications dynamically. Increasing one socket will consume approximately 100 bytes -do not specify a large number.
 MoreEXM directly rewrites system manager's application control information. Some programs may behave differently when run from MoreEXM. Don't swap an EXM program with a same file name
 When a new revision is available for an EXM application, overwrite it with a new file with a same name and run REFRESH.COM from DOS
If you add ([F2] key), edit ([F3] key) or delete ([Del]key) an application on AppManager, other applications running from MoreEXM will be forced to close. Memory is released and no hang up seems to happen, but there is no assurance that it is safe. Please add, edit or delete on AppManager while you have no other applications running from MoreEXM.

\2 QuickView 1.5
..won't run in other environments. Features:
* Viewing of files of unlimited size 
* Text, Hex and Image viewing modes 
* Supports the zoom modes of the HP-LX
* Optional filter for HTML tags
* DOS or Windows(ANSI) character set
* Optional word-wrap
* Optional use of tab stops
* Text search
* Integrates well with X-FINDER
* Small memory footprint
* System manager compliant: uses the HP-LX user interface, can be task-switched, leaves your DOS process free for other applications.
* File to be viewed can be chosen via file open dialog or passed by the clipboard.
NEW SINCE VERSION 1.0 
* Fully functional on up to 250 pages, one-way scrolling through files of arbitrary size 
* View mode preserved when opening a file.
* File position display works now for large files, too.
* {End} key takes you to the end of the file
* Capacity of the "File Open" dialog extended to 200 files and 80 directories.
* Text search function added
* Memory management improved.
* Source code for the display classes available
NEW SINCE VERSION 1.1
* Text search functions finds all occurrences now
* Bug (interference with PNS and Filer) fixed
* Patch for X-Finder anomalies
* 10 page quick scroll added
* {Space} shows next page
* Comes in a compact and a large version
* German version added
NEW SINCE VERSION 1.2
* Bug in search routine fixed
* Text search behaves more like other HP Applications now
* "Next" key added to search dialog
* "File not found" and "Text not found" error messages added
* Copy feature copies the screen to the clipboard
NEW SINCE VERSION 1.3
* Image Viewer added
* DOS or Windows(ANSI) character set
* Filter for HTML tags
* Improved Menus
* Breaking Pages while idle
* Text Search can be interrupted
keys:
{Up}: previous page 
{Down}, {Space}: next page 
{PgUp}: 10 pages up 
{PgDn}: 10 pages down
{Home}: first page 
{End}: last Page 
{Zoom}: change character size 
{Paste}: get a file name from the clipboard and open it
{Copy}: copy the screen to the clipboard
{Ctrl}{Break}: interrupt text search
{ESC}: exit program 
{F1}: display info about QuickView
{F2}: toggle text and hex viewing modes
{F3}: display image data, if possible
{F4}: search for a text string
{F5}: toggle DOS or ANSI character set
{F6}: toggle HTML tag filter
{F7}: toggle expansion of tab stops
{F8}: toggle wrapping of lines
{F9}: open a file
{F10}: quit program
Two features may cause some confusion:
Scrolling is a page at a time. You cannot scroll line per line. When in text mode, QuickView has to break the pages up to the current file position before the file can be displayed. When at the end of large files, this may take a few seconds. Page breaking is called when changing the display options or jumping to a found Search String. If possible, QuickView breaks pages when idle.
TEXT SEARCH: Pressing {F4} brings up a text search dialog, similar to the built-in applications. If the specified text is found, the pagecontaining the start position of the text will be displayed. There is no cursor nor highlighting of the found position! There is a "Next" key {F4} for convenience. Pressing {F4} has the same effect as pressing {F10} or {Enter}:
* If the search string has been modified, the file is searched
from the current position (including the currently displayed 
page).
* If the search string has not been modified, QuickViev assumes you are asking for the next occurence of the search string, so the currently displayed page is skipped.
* A page displayed as result of a search means, the search string is found at least once on this page. Other than Memo, pressing "Next" {F4} will start the search from the next page, regardless of the number of occurrences on the current page! Searching a big file may take a while. You can interrupt the search by pressing {Ctrl}{Break}.
IMAGE DISPLAY: There is a rudimentary image viewer included. It can display monochrome PCX, BMP and ICN files, including the XBG background images for X-Finder. GIF and JPG files are recongnized as image files, but cannot be displayed. If this is the case, QuickView uses the hex display mode.
HTML FILTER: I added a mode for having a quick glance at the text contained in downloaded HTML files. It simply suppresses anything between '<' and '>' thus removing the formatting information but still showing the text.
CHOOSING YOUR VERSION:
QuickView comes in four different flavors:
English (quickv.exm, quickvl.exm) or
German (quickvg.exm, quickvgl.exm).
Compact (quickv.exm, quickvg.exm) or
Large (quickvl.exm, quickvgl.exm).
The large version can index more pages (980 instead of 460) and show more entries in the file open dialog (200 instead of 100 files, 80 instead of 40 directories). The large version has a menu system, the compact version has not. Moreover, the large version does not depend on the language of yor palmtop, whereas the compact version uses the default system manager supplied file open dialog, which always has the language of your palmtop, not the language of the program. The tradeoff is the memory footprint: the compact version runs in 9k of memory, the large version in 11k.
If your palmtop is short on memory, send me a mail to get the compact version. I want to thank:
* All of you who mailed me feedback and bug reports
* Our Japanese fellow programmers who showed me what is possible on the LX.
* Jorgen Wallgren for help with programming the Hourglass.
* My friends in Costa Rica. This version was programmed during a wonderful stay in the Caribic. Be inspired by http://www.dos-aguas.com

\3 LxPic V3.2 1996
Stefan Peichl Karl-Ludwig-Str.4 69117 Heidelberg 49-6221-184867
 LxPic displays color pictures in simulated shades of grey on monitors in B&W mode. It is specially designed for the HP Palmtops but runs also on any desktop. It processes BMP,GIF,JPG,PCX and ICN files of any kind. BMP and PCX files may have 2, 4, 256 or True Colors (16 Mio). JPG files may have 256 gray scales or True Colors. GIF files may have Version 87a or 89a with up to 256 colors.
 The special HP Palmtop resize command 'H' corrects the disproportion of the Palmtops pixel ratio.
 LxPic is very small (9K) and needs as a COM file only 64K of main memory while running, no matter how large the picture.
 LxPic uses a distinctive dither algorithm to get most of the color information into the B&W representation. Once the picture
is transformed, you may adjust contrast, brightness, shadow,
highlight and color and save it as a B&W PCX file with less
storage requirement and much better display performance.
 LxPic has an interface, to use it as a 'subroutine' in other programs or batch files. It recognizes your display adapter and sets the display to the best of the following modes
VGA(640x480) EGA(640x350) CGA(640x200) HP95(240x128)
	SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
 Processor: 8088
 DOS      : 2.11
 Adapter  : HP95,CGA,EGA,VGA
 Memory   : 64 K
 Storage  : 9 K
LxPic has no file select feature, but it behaves like the DIR command of DOS and it accepts the /S command line parameter to scan all subdirectorys too. Which files are displayed depends on how you name them and where you keep them. To display a specific picture, use its full or relative pathname as parameter for LxPic. The wildcards * and ? are allowed in the filename, to display a group of pictures with similar names.
 LXPIC/S  displays all pictures in the current directory and its subdirectories
 LXPIC DEMO.*  displays for example DEMO.PCX, DEMO.GIF and DEMO.JPG in the current directory
 LXPIC \PIC\V?.ICN  displays for example V1.ICN and V2.ICN in the directory PIC of the current drive (good for Video command)
 LXPIC D:/S  displays all pictures on your D: drive
 LXPIC C:\DEMO.JPG /S  searches your whole C: drive for the file DEMO.JPG and displays it, if it was found
 If you use the scan switch /S, LxPic exits after all files have been displayed. Without /S, LxPic loops endless until you press ESC. Going back one picture is only possible within one sub-directory, so don't be confused with unexpected results using the last picture key 'P' in a scan.
 The /S switch is most useful to browse a CDROM on the desktop within seconds. Press the 'A' (=Autozoom) and 'V' (=Video) key to have the quickest and most informative overview of the pictures on a CDROM. Using a standard picture viewer under WINDOWS, it would take hours of mouse clicking to do the same job. To add to app:  C:\PIC\LXPIC.COM|70
 Use the cursor keys to scroll an image. Cursor keys scroll the image by one screen in the indicated direction. Page keys (Palmtop: Fn+cursor) scroll the image by 10 columns or 10 lines in the indicated direction. I exchanged the meaning of these keys for single key strokes on the Palmtop. I try to keep the x,y offset in consecutive pictures, to allow you zooming the same position in a slideshow
	keys
F  Display file and parameter information box:
   DEMO.GIF     filename
  Ŀ
  kbyte :   7 filesize
  type  : COL picturetype: COL | GREY | B&W
  deep  :   8 colordepth in bits:  1 | 4 | 8 | 24
  wide  : 320 pixelwidth  of actual representation
  high  : 100 pixelheight of actual representation
  x_0   :   0 pixelcolumn: upper left displayed corner
  y_0   :   0 pixelline  : upper left displayed corner
  mode  : CGA screen mode: VGA | EGA | CGA | HP95
  zoom  : 1:1 zoom in/out: 8:1|4:1|2:1|1:1|1:2|1:4|1:8
  dither:  ON dither mode:  ON | OFF
  color : RGB disp. color: RGB | RED | GRN | BLUE | GREY
  shadow:   0 shadow     : 0=unchanged, 127=max, -127=min
  hlight:   0 highlights : 0=unchanged, 127=max, -127=min
  contra:   0 contrast   : 0=unchanged, 127=max, -127=min
  bright:   0 brightness : 0=unchanged, 127=max, -127=min
  

H  Resizes the picture to the normal 4:3 proportion.
   A picture with 640x240 pixel is resized to 640x200 pixel
   for example. If switched on, you see the letter 'H' in
   the 'high' entry of the file info. HP resize is off by
   default.
C  Clear screen between two pictures (default)
I  Invert screen. LxPic inverts pictures by default, if
   running on a HP Palmtop
Z  Center picture in the middle of the screen (default)
A  Auto zoom. If switched on, the zoom mode is selected,
   which displays most of the picture. Auto zoom is off by
   default. If switched on, you see the letter 'A' in the
   'zoom' entry of the file info.
T  Text zoom out mode. Zooming out for B&W images is
   implemented by default as 'drop two, keep two' to prevent
   moraine effects from previously dithered pictures. This
   command toggles zoom out mode to 'drop one, keep one',
   which is better for viewing B&W pictures including text,
   like faxes for example. If switched on, you see the letter
   'T' in the 'zoom' entry of the file info. Text zoom is off
   by default.
+  Zoom out to 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8
   Reset Zoom to 1:1
-  Zoom in to 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1
S  Perform a slideshow
V  Perform a video. Same as slideshow, but at maximal speed
   without clear screen between pictures. See VIDEO part
   of this documentation.
>  Slideshow/Video quicker up to maximal speed
<  Slideshow/Video slower
BAR  Suspend Slideshow/Video. Press Spacebar again to continue
DEL  Delete the actual displayed picture. You have to confirm,
   before the file is deleted
P  Display previous picture, as found in the directory. This
   command also changes the direction for Slideshow/Video.
CR Display next picture, as found in the directory. This
   command resets the direction for Slideshow/Video to forward
ESC  Exit LxPic. If you exit LxPic with ^C, an errorlevel of 1
   is returned, which is useful in batch files.
F1 Display Help window
F2 Change screen mode if possible. The picture is resized to
   100% or autozoomed, if selected
F3 Converts B&W picture to a 8 bit grey picture. This enables
   you to edit a B&W picture with the commands, only avail-
   able for color or grey pictures. The performance slows
   down indeed.
F4 Save the whole picture -as you see it- to a B&W PCX file.
   You are asked for a filename. You must use another
   filename than the original name and you have to add the
   extension PCX. BMP pictures end upside down, I don't
   change it, turn around your Palmtop!
F5 Same as F4, but only the visible part of the picture is
   saved. If you want to select even a smaller part, switch
   with F2 to the HP95 mode and save from there. To invert a
   Palmtop topcard, load it, press 'I' and then F5 to save
   the inverted topcard.

\4 Power Monitor V.1.2  May95
If the voltage drops to 1.8V the system is shut down and the RAM disk is maintained by power from the backup battery until main power is restored, or until the backup battery is exhausted. When backup mode is exited, a "warm-start" (reboot) always occurs. System memory is reset, but RAM disk is maintained.
 PwrMon samples battery voltage when it is started, _and_ when the "Sample" F-key (F3) or the space-bar is pressed. PwrMon can also be configured to automatically sample battery voltage at one of three fixed intervals. To do this, Press MENU, I(nterval), and select an interval. When automatic sampling is active, it will continue until stopped by pressing the "Cancel" F-key (F6) or by selecting "Disable Sampling" from the "Interval" menu. Automatic sampling will continue even if you switch to another application or turn off the HP-100. Automatic sampling will be stopped when PwrMon is terminated.
	MENU/File
 /New       *Resets to zero the voltage sampling history.
 /Exit      *Closes the PwrMon application and terminates automatic voltage sampling.
	MENU/Interval
 /Disable Sampling *Disables automatic voltage sampling.
 /15 Minutes... *Enables automatic voltage sampling with an interval of 15/30 minutes, 1/2/4 hours
	MENU/Quit *Closes the PwrMon application and terminates automatic voltage sampling.
 F1 (Help)    *Describes the PwrMon display.
 F3 (Sample)  *Samples the battery voltage. If automatic sampling is enabled, the interval is restarted.
 F5 (Auto)    *Enables automatic voltage sampling with an interval of 1 hour. This Fkey is only active when automatic sampling is disabled.
 F6 (Cancel)  *Disables automatic voltage sampling. This FKey is only active when automatic sampling is enabled.
 F8 (Sleep)   *Causes PwrMon to be sent into the background (i.e. it is still open, but it will not display unless you explicitly switch to it)
 F9 (NiCd)    *Sets the battery type to NiCd, and enables battery charging.
 F10 (Alkalin)*Sets the battery type to alkaline and disables battery charging.
The DISPLAY shows: Charging enabled, Charging disabled, Fast charging hh:mm, Slow charging in progress. (For fast charging, the elapsed time in fast charge mode is shown, in hours and minutes. This time is only updated when a sample is taken!)
 Current voltage is indicated on the bar, and the warning (V-sub-w) and backup (V-sub-b) thresholds are shown. The bounds of the bar indicate the measurement range, NOT the normal operating range. The histogram shows the level of the last 64 voltage samples (zeroed with MENU, F(ile), N(ew)
 When PwrMon is set for automatic sampling, if it is not the foreground (i.e. visible) application when the time comes to take a sample, then PwrMon will momentarily come to the foreground, take its sample, and disappear. This produces two effects which may be considered unsettling, until you become used to them. The first is the obvious and disconcerting "popup" over the active application. The second is more subtle: once PwrMon has taken a sample from the "background," it apparently "disappears", that is, if you close all other open applications, PwrMon does *not* appear. It seems to have closed itself. But in fact it has not. If you open the Application Manager and switch to list mode, you will find that the status of PwrMon is listed as "Asleep." What has happened is that in order to revert back to the active application after momentarily coming to the foreground to take a sample, it issues a system call which causes PwrMon to be sent to the bottom of the application queue - below even the Topcard application. So, PwrMon is still open, but you will not see it again until you explicitly switch to it (or until it takes another sample).
 The current setting and the last 64 voltage samples are saved in a file named pwrmon.env, in the subdirectory c:\_dat, whenever PwrMon is closed (by MENU, Q(uit) or MENU, F(ile), e(X)it); and whenever a sample is taken.

\5 BigTime
 SPACE = Redraw display
 Q = Quits the program and returns to what you were doing
 ESC = Returns to the previous program without quitting
 F1/MENU = info
 F2 = time display format
 F3 = date display format
 F4 = quarter-hour chime on or off
 F5 = Adjust time forward one hour
 SHIFT+F5 = Adjust time back one hour
 F6 = Adjust time forward one minute
 SHIFT+F6 = Adjust time back one minute
 F7 = Adjust time forward one second
 SHIFT+F7 = Adjust time back one second
 F8 = Adjust date forward one month
 SHIFT+F8 = Adjust date back one month
 F9 = Adjust date forward one day
 SHIFT+F9 = Adjust date back one day
 F10 = Adjust date forward one year
 SHIFT+F10 Adjust date back one year
Cycle through the four available time formats by repeatedly pressing F2; the options are combinations of 12- or 24-hour clock with or without seconds. The F3 key cycles through the date formats: long or short spelling of days and month names. These keys work even when the function key help lines are not showing.
 The chime feature beeps a single note at a quarter past the hour, two tones at half past, three at a quarter 'til, and four short tones on the hour. Press F4 to turn chime on or off. BigTime places a star near the bottom of the screen when the feature is active.
 To ensure that you don't accidentally change the clock, BigTime can only adjust the clock when the function keys are displayed. Press MENU to turn the function keys on or off. Adjustments you make to the clock stick -- it changes the system clock, not just BigTime's display.
 * Be sure to turn on the seconds display so you can see the effect of adjusting by just a second or two.
 * 24-hour format makes it easier to tell if you are setting the clock to midnight or noon. In 24-hour format, midnight is zero.
 * Function keys move the clock forward. To move the time or date backward, press SHIFT plus a function key.
 BigTime also shows the battery level on the upper left corner of the display. It checks the battery once every other minute. You can force BigTime to check the battery again by pressing Space (the space bar key) to redraw the screen. The battery level is not necessarily actual voltages; think of it as a guideline: Above 2.5, all is well. Above 2.0, the battery is marginal. While below 2.0, and on down to 1.8, the battery is exhausted.
 If you place your computer near an AM (medium wave) radio and tune the radio between stations until you hear a pulse, you can tell how much power a program uses. The longer or more frequent the pulses, the more power the program draws. BigTime makes just a short blip-sound about twice each second, while some other programs sound like a drum solo. The more complex the task, such as recalculating a spreadsheet, the busier the computer will sound.
 If you have customized how the time or date is displayed, or turned on the chime feature, and you want it to stay that way the next time you start BigTime, use ESC to suspend the program. Remember, though, to release the memory used by BigTime, you must quit by pressing Q.
 You can leave BigTime running all the time. It needs less than 1.5K of memory. It really doesn't matter, because it restarts as quickly as if you left it running. While you must quit other HP 95 programs before running MS-DOS programs, you can run DOS programs while BigTime is suspended. Available memory will be reduced by just the memory it consumes

\6 read
	keys recognised in "full screen" mode:
F1 = displays a help summary
sF = displays the "about" screen
F10 = exits the program
F7 = jumps to the spot where reading began when READ/LX was     started
J = lets you enter a position within the file and jumps there
HOME, END = Go to beginning / end of text
B = lets you set one of 8 bookmarks (1-8) or jump to one of them. Note that bookmarks are stored in READ.CFG
1 to 9 = jumps to the corresponding bookmark. Note that '9' is always set to farthest place in the document you have read
F = switches to speed reader mode
L = toggles ISO-Latin-1 decoding
P = toggles detection of paragraphs (empty lines)
* = toggles between the fonts defined in READ.CFG
S = search for a string within the text (forward, case insensitive)
ESC or PGUP = takes you back about one page (the position of the last 20 read pages are stored, after that, going back just approximates page sizes - this can be cleared using the DEL key)
ALT Q = quits the program
? = displays some information about the current state
any other key = displays the next page

	further keys in "word slide" mode:
+ or F3 = speeds up the pace at which words are presented
- or F4 = slows down the pace at which words are presented
F = switches to full screen mode
 THE CFG FILE
Many display options can be set in the [Setup] section of the READ.CFG file:
 Font= chooses the font to be used by READ/LX, which can be one of the built-in fonts: 1=large 2=medium 3=small 4=tiny e.g. Font=3 for the small font or a HFN font, e.g. Font=lucs15b.hfn or an extra large font (recommended!). One such font is provided:
 Font=BIGFONT.FNT
 Font1= Font2= etc. specifiy alternative fonts. After starting READ/LX, "Font" is used. When pressing '*', READ/LX switches to "Font1". When pressing '*' again, to "Font2", etc.
 Full= chooses whether READ/LX operates in speed reader mode (Full=0) or in full screen mode (Full=1).
 Leading= sets the number of pixels between lines in full screen mode. Default is 2.
 FMargin= sets the left and right margins in pixels for full screen mode. Default is 0.
 Indent= sets the indentation at the beginning of a paragraph in full screen mode. Example: Indent=3 indents the first line of a paragraph three spaces.
 Latin= determines whether texts are interpreted as ISO-Latin-1 encoded (Latin=1) or as IBM character set encoded (Latin=0, default) Note that BIGFONT only supports umlauts, but not other accented characters (yet).
 Vertical= sets vertical mode. Only works in speed reader mode, requires a HFN font and currently, there is no such font. Delay= sets the delay used between words. This option is best set by using the + and - keys while reading a document.
 Fullstop= specifies an additional delay after a period (end of sentence) is found. To set it, look at the Delay= setting and choose a value that relates to that. Default is 0 and I use 300.
 Adapt= determines how strongly READ/LX adapts the display time of a word to the length of the word (longer words are displayed longer). Lower numbers lead to a stronger adaption. Reasonable: 3 to 15
 Restart= if set to 1, READ/LX restarts counting words and computing speed after suspending. Otherwise (default), it just keeps on going.
 Centered= specifies if words are centered on the screen (Centered=1) or left aligned (Centered=0)
 Cues= Cues=1 displays optical cues (diagonal lines or box). Cues=0 displays no cues.
 Diagonals= if Cues=1 is set as well as Centered= 1, Diagonals=1 shows diagonal bars instead of a box around the word.
 Margin= if a box is shown around a word, this determines the left and right margins in pixels.
 Minimum= if a word is shorter than the provided value (number of characters), READ/LX reads on and displays another word at the same time.
 Beep= when set to 1, beeps for each presented word. Default is Beep=0
 Numbook= sets the number of bookmarks to be kept in the [Bookmarks] section where READ/LX keeps the file names and all bookmarks for the last read <Numbook> files in that section. The list is sorted in last-recently-used order. No ctrl+Z allowed!
	 pick
 utility (originally written as a PalEdit add-on) enabling browsing through all directories/drives to pick a file. The selected filename is stored into c:\file.lst (by default) or the one you specify at the command line as follows:
 pick: writes selected file into c:\file.lst
 pick <filename>: writes selected file into <filename>
Sept. 30, 1996 Harry Konstas 72540.620@compuserve.com

\7 PalEdit v2.3 www.dasoft.com.
 handles files of up to several MBytes
 line length can be up to 32767 characters
 several files can be open at the same time
 uses the SysMgr clipboard if SysMgr is running
 uses its own clipboard if SysMgr is not running
 supports all four zoom modes of the HP palmtops
 can edit binary files (see also BIN2HEX add-on)
 supports incremental searches
 supports search and replace
 supports keyboard macros
 can shell to DOS
 is mostly keyboard-compatible with the EMACS editor
 can directly start a compiler and take you to the locations where errors were found
 is expandable using DOS filters
 runs on the desktop in VGA mode using Harry Konstas' PALRUN.
 has built-in spelling checker (separate package PESPELL.ZIP for English dictionary)
 removes formatting from Memo files and makes them pure ASCII
 lets you undo your last edit
 can display only lines which contains a certain string
 can encode/decode text files using a password
 has functions that support handling of simple databases
 supports drawing using ASCII and IBM graphics
 supports PIM handling if used together with PIM.EXE(separate package PIM.ZIP at www.dasoft.com)
 supports outline editing
PalEdit is a much more powerful text editor than Memo. PalEdit is usually much faster than Memo and is not limited in file size, line size, the characters you can use etc.
PalEdit also supports most commonly used EMACS commands.
PE.CFG determines the configuration of PalEdit which needs at least 180k RAM. The more memory it gets, the faster it runs.
 PalEdit can have several files open at the same time. This makes it easy to quickly switch between different files and copy and paste text from one file to another. To open a different file while a file is still open, simply press F9 ("Open") and enter the name of the file you want to edit. If you want to go back to the old file, press F7. If you have several open files, this will cycle through all the open files. If you have many files open, you might want to use Ctrl-X, Ctrl-B instead of F7. This will display a menu of open files you can choose from.
In the file open dialog, you can choose from a list of the last 10 files you were editing. This is a fast way to pick a file - and this list is saved (in C:\DAT\PE.ENV) when you quit PalEdit.
If you are developing software with PAL, you can simply start PalEdit with "PE @". This will open all the files specified in the SCRLIST file in the current directory.
	Margins and formatting:
Although PalEdit is not a word processor, it still supports some basic formatting of the text, namely where lines are broken. There is a right margin that you can set using the keys Menu T R. If this margin is set to, say 72, and you keep on typing past column 72, the line will automatically be broken. If you, on the other hand, set this value to zero, the lines will be broken only when you hit ENTER. If you want to change the position at which the lines are broken later on, simply set the margin (using Menu T R) to the value you want, go to the paragraph (i.e. the area between two empty lines) you want to reformat and press Menu T F. This is especially handy if you want to re-format a paragraph after you have added or deleted some words and the paragraph looks ragged. ESC q is a faster way to access the reformat command. ESC Q does almost the same thing, but it tries to preserve list structures.
	TABs:
PalEdit supports tabulators in a slightly different way than most other text editors do. To the user, it looks the same: pressing the TAB key just goes to the next tabulator position. While most editors insert a TAB character at that position, PalEdit inserts spaces instead. This ensures that the text will look the same independent of which viewer or editor you use to look at the text. If a text you load into PalEdit already contains TAB characters, PalEdit will ask you if they should be expanded to spaces. If you say "no", the TAB characters will be maintained and display as small circles. The distance between tab stops can be set in PE.CFG and defaults to 8.
	Searching:
Searching for a text works as follows in most editors: you press a key to open a dialog in which you enter the string you want to search for. After you have entered the string, you press another key and tell the editor that it should start searching now. PalEdit (and EMACS) work much more efficiently: you press a key to tell the editor you want to search for a string (F4 or Ctrl-S) and then you start typing the string you are looking for. While you are typing, PalEdit already searches for the string and displays to you the next occurrence of the string you typed so far. This kind of searching is faster in two ways: you don't need to type that much because the searched text may already be found when you typed fewer keys than you expected. And PalEdit already searches while you are still typing and not only after you have completed typing and press (yet another!) key to tell you have finished typing. While in search-mode, you can hit F4 (or Ctrl-S) again to find the next occurrence of the string you have entered up to now. Or you can press Shift-F4 (or Ctrl-R) to search for the previous occurrence. A typo can be corrected by using the Backspace key.
 If you plan to replace the string you have found (or all these strings) with a different string, press F5 after the first occurrence is found. Then enter the string with which the found text should be replaced. PalEdit will then take you to all occurrences of the string and ask you to confirm the replacement. You can also replace all occurrences with one keystroke.

If you need to search for special characters such as CR or LF or if you need to replace a string by another one that includes special characters, you can do that by entering \nnn where nnn is the decimal ASCII code of the special character. Example: \013\010 matches a carriage return, line feed or \009 matches a TAB character.
	System Manager Interference:
For unknown reasons, System Manager is fiddling around with some interrupts, which makes it difficult to run DOS programs that access the serial port and programs that use some special features of the keyboard. To prevent that, a tiny utility named NOFIDDLE.COM is included with PE (and also some other software packages such as POST/LX 2). Run this utility from AUTOEXEC.BAT as the last command before System Manager is launched. If you have not installed it and run PE under System Manager, it will warn you that macros will not work.
	PE.MAC:
Macros can be stored in a file. The name of this file is PE.MAC and it must be in the same directory as PE.EXE. Those macros are automatically loaded at startup.
Lines starting with ';' are ignored as comment. All other lines are considered macro definitions. Each macro definition starts with the scan code of the key you assign the macro to, followed by an equal sign ('='), followed by the scan codes of the keys that should be pressed. An example:
 #1e00=#7700#5032#7500
This assigns a macro to ALT-A (#1e00). If ALT-A is pressed, the following keys will be pressed for you: #7700 is Ctrl-Home, #5032 is Shift-Down and #7500 is Ctrl-End. This sequence will mark the whole text. To find out the scan code of a key, press ESC-K and then the key, PalEdit inserts the scan code of that key (without the "#") at the current cursor position. Another easy way to create macros is by 'recording' a macro and then saving it to PE.MAC. Press Ctrl-X ( and then type the things you want to have in the macro. At the end of the macro, press Ctrl-X ). This way, you have created a macro that is assigned to the default macro key: Ctrl-X E. You can test it by pressing Ctrl-X E. Now open PE.MAC, go to the end of it and press Ctrl-X M. This will paste the macro into the file. You only need to prefix it with the key you want to assign the macro to and the equal sign. Note that macros even work when you shell to DOS from PE. The macros in the default PE.MAC support some simple database handling and are described in the next section.
	CLIPBOARD
When under System Manager, PE uses the clipboard that is also used by all other System Manager applications, thus data can easily exchanged. When not running under System Manager, PE uses its own clipboard that is stored in the file C:\DAT\CLIPVUE.TXT. If C:\DAT does not exist, the file is kept in the current directory. If you use the ClipVue utility, that file can easily be exchanged with the clipboard.
	PREPARED FILE LIST
If PE is launched with an argument "@", this loads all files that are listed in the file named SRCLIST. If SRCLIST looks like:
 c:\data\phone    &Phone List
 c:\data\notes    &Miscellaneous notes
 c:\data\secret   &Secret Information
 c:\data\todo     Long Term &Todos
 c:\data\reflist  &Reference Data
 c:\data\palmtop  Palmtop &Notes
 c:\data\regist   Share&ware Registrations
...PE offers a menu that looks like
 Phone List
 Miscellaneous notes
 Secret Information
 Long Term Todos
 Reference Data
 Palmtop Notes
 Shareware Registrations
Some of the characters are underlined, e.g. the "P" in "Phone List". These are hot keys. When I hit 'P', PE takes me to the phone list. This menu can be accessed any time by pressing Ctrl-X Ctrl-B.
	ENCRYPTION
PE supports data encryption, either for a part of a document or the full document. Note that the encryption is not very safe and can easily be cracked by a group of cryptology experts with enough processing power. If you need strong encryption, you'd better use something like PGP. You can encrypt any file by pressing Ctrl-X Ctrl-E (I have that assigned to Alt-E). PE will then ask you for a password and encrypt the file using that password. Be sure to remember that password because it is not possible to decrypt the file without knowing the password! Ctrl-X Ctrl-D (or Alt-D) decrypts an encrypted file, provided the correct password is given.
	OUTLINES
PE supports some rudimentary outlining functions such as re-ordering and outline, promoting, and demoting. To enter outline mode, press ESC O. PE will then try to parse the current file and analyse its structure. By default, PE assumes that indented items are headers (while 3 space meaning a level) and not indented text is just "normal" text. Example:
  Main heading 1
     First subheading Normal text, very, very normal.
     Second subheading
  Main heading 2
     Another subheading
When outline mode is enabled for the above text, you will also see small inverted plusses and minusses after the headings, meaning that those items can be collapsed or expanded. You can now move around items using ESC followed by the up arrow and down arrow keys. You can promote/demote items using ESC followed by the left and right arrow keys. Whole families can be promoted/demoted using ESC followed by Ctrl-Left and Ctrl-Right. ESC * lets you determine which levels should be displayed and which should not. It you don't like three spaces as a level marking, add something like
[Outline] Headers=* to PE.CFG. This will make PE accept "*" as a marker for a heading. Note that a space is entered as an underscore, so the default is "". With Headers=*, the above example could look like *Main heading 1 **First subheading Normal text, very, very   normal. **Second subheading *Main heading 2 *Another subheading. A special kind of "outlining" is done using Ctrl-C. It asks for a string and then makes all lines that contain that string level 1 and all the rest is considered text and is hidden. So this is a simple way to only show lines containing a certain string. Unlike other utilities supporting such a feature, you can press ESC + and immediately see the text below the shown line. This is handy, for example in a phone list where you can show all lines containing names (provided there is a special token in all those lines (e.g. "Name:"), search for a name and then display the address using ESC +.
 Ctrl-C also supports a two-level search. When having entered a string to match with, you can choose the button "Using Records" and provide another string. All lines beginning with that other string are made level 1 and all lines matching the first string are made level 2 (and everything else is considered text. This feature can be used for various purposes. Assuming you have a phone list that has each name prefixed with "Name:" and each phone number prefixed with "Phone:", you can create a list that has all names and phone numbers. Using ESC * 1, you can hide all phone numbers. The feature is especially handy when using the PIM functions of PE and PIM/LX. If you have all data records framed with "+(" and "+)", you can search for a string that appears within the records (e.g. "+t") and for "Using Records" you can enter "+(" (which is provided as default). Now you can move around whole records while looking at some data within the records.
 The last variant can be used together with the sorting feature: ESC S sorts all records (level 1) by looking at data within the record (level 2). If more than one lines are found within a record, the first occurance is used for sorting.
 Of course sorting can also be used with just a level 1 resulting from Ctrl-X. Sorting will then use the matching line as the start of each "record".
 Note that when sorting, the sorted document is not modified, but the result is found in the file C:\DAT\CLIPVUE.TXT (which can be inserted into a document by using PASTE if not within System Manager).
 Note that sorting is case sensitive/insensitive depending on the setting in Menu "Options" "Case Sensitive Searches". If punctuation should be ignored during sorting, add "IgnorePunc=1" to the [Outline] section of PE.CFG.
 When in an outline, ESC N toggles numbering. Note that this only works reasonably if there is enough space at the beginning of a line so that the numbering fits (e.g. 3 spaces indentation for each level). Otherwise, the numbering is displayed on top of the text. If you want to have numbering turned on by default, add "ShowNum=1" to the [Outline] section of PE.CFG.

The default numbering uses digits and dots as a separator, but you can change that by adding a line to the [Outline] section of PE.CFG such as Numbering=A:1:a:a:a This would use upper case characters for the first level, digits for the second level and lower case characters for the other levels while delimiting those characters using a colon.
 Note that once a file is saved with numbering and PE is told to turn on outline mode, it asks if it should try to identify the numbering in order to compute the outline levels. This only works if the numbering pattern (set with Numbering=) matches the actual numbering scheme.
	PE.CFG:
There are several features in PalEdit that you can configure. Some of them you can access from the Options menu, and all of them you can specify in the file PE.CFG, which must reside in the same directory as PE.EXE. PalEdit reads this file when it starts and sets all parameters according to the settings found there. Have a look at PE.CFG. It contains short explanations for what the parameters are about.
In the [Labels] section of PE.CFG, you can assign labels for the macros to any of the unused function keys (e.g. F2 and F3). Example: 2=Hello assign the key label "Hello" to F2. Make sure these labels are not longer than 7 characters.
	PalEdit for programming:
There are a some features in PalEdit that may be especially interesting for programmers:
If auto-indent is enabled and you press ENTER, the cursor is positioned in the first column of the next line that lies below the first non-space character of the current line.
 It is sometimes difficult to keep track of parentheses, brackets etc. PalEdit supports you with that: when the cursor is positioned on one of the characters that typically come in pairs and you press ESC followed by TAB, PalEdit will put the cursor onto the matching parenthesis, bracket, etc.
 PalEdit supports keyboard macros for repetitive key sequences: press Ctrl-X (, then press the sequence of keys, and finally press Ctrl-X ). After that, the key sequence is stored and you can replay it with Ctrl-X E. If you want to repeat it, say 20 times, press Ctrl-U 20 Ctrl-X E
 Note that the Ctrl-U <number> feature works for most other keys too, not just for repeating macros.
	Integrating PalEdit with a compiler:
If you are developing software using PalEdit, you can directly call the compiler from PalEdit. When compilation is done and errors are reported, PalEdit takes you to the location of these errors. In order to do that, you have to set up your compiler and PalEdit as follows: the result of the compilation has to be stored in a file named "SCRATCH". If you use, for example, the PalMake utility PM, you should remove the ">$(/err)" parts from PM.CFG and let PM write the errors to the screen. Then add the line "Compiler=PM >SCRATCH" to the [File] section of PE.CFG. This instructs PalEdit how to start the compiler. If you now press Ctrl-XC, PalEdit will execute "PM >SCRATCH", i.e. it will run PM and redirect the output of PM to the file SCRATCH. As soon as PM is done, PalEdit displays the contents of the SCRATCH file. If there were no errors, you are done. If there were errors, simply press Ctrl-XG. This will take you to the file and location of the first error found in SCRATCH. If you later press Ctrl-XG again, it will take you to the next error (no need to go back to the file SCRATCH, BTW). 
 Note: In order for Ctrl-XG (goto next error) to work, the errors in the SCRATCH file must have the following format (TCC, for example, produces this format): each line containing an error message or warning must start with the string "Error " or "Warning ", then continue with a file name, then a space and the line number and, finally, the error message.
	Filters:
You can expand the capabilities of PalEdit by using so called filters. A filter is an external program that can take a chunk of text from PalEdit, process it and return the result to PalEdit. Let's look at an example. Let's assume the following line is found in the [Filter] section of PE.CFG:
   Indent 3=sed -e "s/^/   /g" <%s >SCRATCH
This line generates an entry in a menu that you can pop up by pressing Ctrl-XR. The entry will show "Indent 3". When you select that entry, and you have a piece of text selected, PalEdit will store that piece of text in a temporary file (let's assume its name is xxx) and call the DOS command
   sed -e "s/^/   /g" <xxx >SCRATCH
As you see, the "%s" is now replaced by the actual file name "xxx". SED is a program that can take a stream of characters and perform some editing operations on it. In the current example, it would insert three spaces at the beginning of each line from file xxx. The result is written to a file named "SCRATCH". When SED has finished, PalEdit will cut the original selection and replace it by the contents of the file named SCRATCH (the name of that file is fixed; each filter has to write to a file named SCRATCH).
 If no selection is active, PalEdit will use the whole file as input to the command. It will then not replace the file by the output of the command, but open and display the file SCRATCH.
 If the string "@@" is found in the command, PalEdit will prompt the user for input and replace "@@" by what the user typed. For example, dir @@ >SCRATCH will ask the user for input. If the user types "C:\DAT", the command dir C:\DAT >SCRATCH is executed. If the command returns line numbers (e.g. "grep" with the -n option, Ctrl-XG will take you to the the line number that is indicated on the line the cursor is currently standing on. This is similar to what Ctrl-XG does after compilation.
	Checking the Spelling:
PE has a simple, built-in spelling checker.  To spell check a document, go to the beginning of the document and press F5. PE will go through the document and mark the next word it finds that is not in the dictionary. At that point, you have several options:
If PE suggest an alternative spelling:
 - Choose a suggested spelling and press ENTER to accept, or
 - Press ESC to ignore the suggestions
If you ignored the suggestion or there was no suggestion, a message box is displayed and you can press:
 ENTER, F2, F10 or the "Replace All" button
to replace the word (and all instances of the word encountered
later on) with a new word. If the word is to be placed with the
same word, it is not replaced, of course, but left alone.
 F4 or the "Replace This" button
to replace only the current word, but not any future encounters
 F6 or the "Ignore" button
to leave the word as is and also all future encounters
 F7 or the "Learn" button
to add the word to the dictionary
 ESC, F9 or the "Abort Spelling" button
 to abort spelling checking
When you do that with a PE that comes out of the box, it will stop at each word and display a warning because there is no dictionary installed. The following text explains how to set up and update a dictionary. In order to do this, you need to download the package PESPELL.ZIP, which contains the files SPELCOMP.EXE and PESPELL.TR2.
 PE knows two kinds of dictionary files. The first kind consists of a list of words, one word on each line. The other kind is a binary dictionary that allows PE to find more efficiently if a word is known. The utility SPELCOMP converts a word list into a binary dictionary.
All the dictionary files must be in the same directory, have the same name and differ only in the file extension. The default name is
   A:\PE\PESPELL
You can change that name in the [File] section of PE.CFG.
There are 5 dictionary files involved:
 PESPELL.DIC  Main user dictionary (word list)
 PESPELL.TRI  Main user dictionary (binary)
 PESPELL.TR2  Provided dictionary (binary)
 PESPELL.USR  Temporary user dictionary (words added by selecting "Learn")
 PESPELL.TMP  Temporary user dictionary (words skipped in the current session by selecting "Ignore")
When you press F5, PE looks for the words in PESPELL.TR2. If it cannot find a word there, it looks in PESPELL.TRI and then in PESPELL.USR and PESPELL.TMP. PESPELL.DIC is never actually searched. The SPELCOMP utility converts PESPELL.DIC into PESPELL.TRI. If PESPELL.USR exists, it will also ask if the contents of PESPELL.USR should be appended to PESPELL.DIC before doing that. If you choose to do that, PESPELL.USR will be deleted after appending it to PESPELL.DIC.
In addition to all these files, PE also supports a file with the extension AUT, e.g. PESPELL.AUT. Within this file, you can keep your most common spelling errors and PE will correct them during spelling checking without even asking you. The format of the file is simple: each line contains a misspelled word, an equal sign and the correct spelling, e.g. (w/o the indentation!):
   teh=the
   porgram=program
   ASAP=as soon as possible
When PE finds "teh" in a text, it replaces it with "the". When it finds "porgram", it replaces it with "program" and when it finds "ASAP", it replaces it with "as soon as possible". As the last example shows, you can "abuse" that feature to expand abbreviations and other tricks.
All those explanations might be confusing, but using the spelling checker is actually quite simple. Here is what you must do:
 - Get PESPELL.ZIP (SPELCOMP utility plus PESPELL.TR2 dictionary)
 - Decide where you want to keep the dictionary files and modify Spell= in the [File] section of PE.CFG accordingly.
   Note that you have to provide the full path and file name, but *without* the period and the file name extension!
 - Move PESPELL.TR2 to there and move SPELCOMP.EXE to the same directory where PE.EXE dwells.
 - Now you are ready and you can use F5 in PE for spelling checking
 - From time to time (when you notice spelling checking is getting slower), run SPELCOMP to append PESPELL.USR to PESPELL.DIC and convert PESPELL.DIC into the more efficient binary format (PESPELL.TRI). SPELCOMP takes the same argument as "Spell=" in PE.CFG does. If you want to build your own dictionary from scratch, you can do that too:
 - Install SPELCOMP on your desktop (processing large dictionaries on the palmtop you will find too slow)
 - Move your word list to the same directory and name it PESPELL.DIC. Note that SPELCOMP will need a lot of disk space (about 4-5 times the size of PESPELL.DIC).
Also, install a disk cache such as SMARTDRV because SPELCOMP is very disk intensive and a cache causes major speedup.
 - Run SPELCOMP.EXE with "SPELCOMP PESPELL" (w/o the quotes)
 - Or run it with "SPELCOMP PESPELL -o" to optimize the size of the resulting TRI file. Be aware that optimization may take very long(several days!).
 - Move the file PESPELL.TRI, which is created by SPELCOMP, to the palmtop (and name it PESPELL.TR2 if it should replace the provided dictionary). Note that the spelling checker has the following limitations:
 - only words that appear in exactly the same way in the dictionary are recognized (e.g. "tree" and "trees" are considered different words) with the exception that
 - the case of the characters is ignored
 - PE's suggestions are fairly simplistic: it just checks if there is a missing character, an extra character, a substituted character or two swapped characters.
	PIM Handling:
PE together with PIM.EXE supports personal information management (appointments, tasks, random notes etc.) in a very flexible way (I prefer it to the built-in PIM of the HP200LX). See PIM.DOC in PIM.ZIP for more information.
Several of the PIM features can also be exploited even if you don't want to use PIM.EXE. An example: if you add a section to PE.CFG like:
[Menu] &email=c:\www\post2\post.adr s&oftware=c:\pim\data\software.PIM &PE.CFG=c:\bin\pe.cfg
a menu will appear when you press the F6 key. That menu lets you choose from the files given in the [Menu] section. This provides a fast way to access often used files.
	HISTORY
New in version 1.1:
- Incomplete path/file names are now converted to full names
- The Ctrl-X R feature left a temporary file behind. Fixed.
- Changed the way PalEdit waits for keystrokes so that there is lessflicker when QUICK/LX is used and when the keyboard annunciators are displayed.
- The new option "Flashes" in the [Display] section of PE.CFG specifies how many times the area around the cursor should flash when the cursor jumps to a new place (e.g. when searching)
- Added Ctrl-X M to paste the current macro into the current file. Thisallows to create a macro with Ctrl-X ( and Ctrl-X ) and then save it to PE.CFG for later use.
- If the special code "#ffff" is found in a macro, it is not  interpreted as a scan code, but it tells PalEdit that the next code is a scan code to be stuffed into the keyboard buffer instead of a scan code to be interpreted by PalEdit. This lets you, for example, execute a QUICK/LX macro from PalEdit. For example, if you have a QUICK/LX macro such as "21QUICK/LX" (enter "QUICK/LX" when Ctrl-Q 1 is pressed) and add the macro "#3c00 = #ffff#1011#ffff#0231" to PE.CFG, F2 will stuff the scan codes 1101 (Ctrl-Q) and 0231 ('1'). This will cause QUICK/LX to write "QUICK/LX".
- Shift-Ctrl-Fn-Home and Shift-Ctrl-Fn-End now also work to select text.
- Save As now uses the same dialog as Open. This allows the use of the TAB key etc.
- PalEdit now asks "Do you really want..." questions. Add "Clog=0" to
  the [File] section of PE.CFG if you don't want this.
- PalEdit now supports sending and receiving email using WWW/LX.
- If you just press ENTER in the file dialog box (e.g. no file
  specified) and there is a "Chooser=<program>" line in the [File] section of PE.CFG, the program <program> is launched. When control is returned to PalEdit, it expects a file name in the file C:\FILE.LST and will attempt to open that file.
- Added Alt-M as an additional "menu" key.

New in version 1.1a:
- Automatically adapts to VGA mode (using PALRUN by Harry Konstas)
- Now works under DesqView too
- Under System Manager, it identifies itself as PE1.1a/SM
- Temporary files can now be placed in a predefined directory
  ("Temporary=<dir> in the [File] section of PE.CFG)

New in version 1.1b:
- When there is an error when writing a file (usually: no space left), PE no longer goes into a loop saying there is a write error.
- ESC-Q (format paragraph) eat the last character when at the end ofthe file.
- Shift-Ctrl-Left and Shift-Ctrl-Right now select a word.
- Searches are now interruptable
- If "LeaveTabs=1" is found in the [Display] section of PE.CFG, PE does not ask if it should convert TABs but just leaves them alone.
- ESC + adds "> " in front of each line within the selected block. Handy to do Internet style quoting.
- Fixed bug that left Ctrl-Left on the second (instead of the first) character when at the beginning of the line.
- Fixed bug that lead to a "PALMemFail" when a macro w/o a body was defined in PE.CFG.

New in 2.0: (26-May-97)
- ESC C changes the case of the current character
- Ctrl-T did not mark a file as modified
- Added spelling checker
- Unless Suggest=0 is specified in the [Edit] section of PE.CFG,
  PE makes spelling suggestions.
- Repeated ESC Q now works (Even Ctrl-U <number> ESC Q works).
- Added simple printing capabilities. Note that it is up to the user to set up the PRN device (enable, speed etc.)
- Shift-COPY and Shift-CUT append the selected text to the clipboard(instead of replacing it). Does not work within SysMgr, though.
- Increased the size of the replace string you can enter when doing a search and replace.
- The special tokens "\r" and "\n" in a replace string (search and replace) are now replaced by a CR or a LF character respectively.
- PE now detects formatted Memo files and optionally strips the
  formatting codes.
- ESC [ and ESC ] move to the begin/end of a paragraph, i.e. to the previous/next empty line.
- Clog=2 in PE.CFG behaves like Clog=0, but disables ESC ESC as an exit command.
- Ctrl-X H selects the whole text
- If a selection is active, ESC Q formats the whole selection
  (Ctrl-X H ESC Q formats the whole text)
- {Menu} {Edit} {Undo Last Edit} (or Ctrl-XU) undoes the last edit. Note that this feature takes a lot of memory and PE will run out of memory much sooner. Set "UnDo=0" in the [Edit] section of PE.CFG to disable the feature.
- When more than one file is specified on the command line, PE no longer displays a list of files and lets you pick one. It simply picks the first of them.

New in 2.0a:
- "" is now considered a valid part of a word (spelling checker)
- The Clog=2 feature was broken. Fixed.
- When spelling checking, the examined word is no longer selected after being processed.
- Function keys are now available in the suggestion window of the spelling checker.
- Shift-F5 checked the previous instead of the current word when on the first character of a word. Fixed.

New in 2.0b: (28-Jun-97)
- ESC D toggles between up to 3 dictionaries, which can be set in PE.CFG using "Spell=", "Spell2=" and "Spell3=".
- Under certain conditions, the palmtop did not time out while within PE. Fixed.

New in 2.1: 16-Jan-98
- Removed support for email -> smaller footprint
- Added "Only" view (Ctrl-C) to display only lines with a certain text.
- Added encryption (Ctrl-X Ctrl-E) and decryption (Ctrl-X Ctrl-D) support. Can be broken by a good cryptologist with a lot of computing power, but should be secure enough for everyday use.
- Macros now work even in dialog boxes and in a DOS shell.
- Before running an external command and shelling to DOS, PE now checks if there is enough memory left.
- Macros are now kept in the file PE.MAC (same directory as PE.EXE) and no longer in PE.CFG. This overcomes the size limitation.
- The spelling checker now works with FlexPad files too.
- If the cursor is located on or before a file name, Ctrl-X O opens that file.
- When PE is started as "PE @", it looks for a file named SRCLIST and opens all files listed within that file. This is an old feature already. However, new is that the SRCLIST file may now have lines like "MY.TXT My Personal Text". In that case, the file MY.TXT is loaded, but in the file list (Ctrl-X Ctrl-B), "My Personal Text" is shown. This allows giving more verbose names to a list of often used files, for example.
- In only view, "database records" can be moved around or sorted (see the section DATABASE HANDLING in PE.DOC).
- Ctrl-X D switches to line drawing mode.
- With search/replace, special characters can now be entered using \nnn, where nnn is the decimal ASCII code
 Andreas Garzotto, 29-May-2000
	pe.mac files
; Example
;Alt-G Grep all PIM files
#2200=#2d18#1372#1970
;Alt-E Encode
#1200=#2d18#1205
;Alt-D Decode
#2000=#2d18#2004
;Alt-N Go to next occurance
#3100=#2d18#2267
;Alt-ENTER Record view
#1c00=#2e03#5300#1c0d

; Avi's pe.mac:
;Alt-G Grep all files
#2200=#2d18#1372#2064
;Alt-E Encode
#1200=#2d18#1205
;Alt-D Decode
#2000=#2d18#2004
;Alt-N Go to next occurance
#3100=#2d18#2267
;Alt-F Open file list
#2100=#2d18#3002
;Alt-P New phone book entry
#1900=#011b#343e#5c00#1970#2368#186f#316e#1265#c800#1071#0e08# 342e#1474#1970#266c#1c0d#5000#4f00
;Alt-ENTER Record view
#1c00=#2e03#1c0d


\8 maxdos - Maximum memory for DOS - v.0.3.7

When you run DOS program from System Manager, the available memory size is limited, since the System Manager itself uses more than 100 KB out of it.The situation is worse if you are running other applications such as Appointments.
You can run a large-size program if you exit from the System Manager. However, you have to terminate all the System Manager applications to do so.
Maxdos gives you a large memory space under System Manager -- as  large as when you have exited from it.You now do not have to quit  from System Manager applications before you run a large DOS program.
Copy MAXDOS.COM to your prefered directory. Modify the batch file to start System Manager (AUTOEXEC.BAT in most of the case), as follows.
 maxdos -l<-- add this line to load maxdos
 100 (or 200)
 maxdos -r<-- add this line to remove maxdos
If there are other TSRs for the System Manager loaded in the batch file, maxdos should be loaded before them and removed after them.
Registration of DOS program to the Application Manager (More Application screen) should be modifies as follows.
 Path: a:\bin\maxdos.com CommandLine|
 Here 'a:\bin' is the directory where you installed MAXDOS.COM and 'CommandLine' is the DOS command with its parameters.
 Now you can use the wide memory space under maxdos.The DOS command includes .exe, .com, .bat and built-in commands.The environment varialble PATH is still valid.
	Command Line Options
 1.Loading maxdos as TSR
 maxdos -l [-e{EMS page count}] [-w{work directory}] [-a{sound file}]
 -l : loads maxdos
 This option loads maxdos as a terminate-and-stay-resident (TSR) program.
 -e{EMS page count} : specifies EMS size in pages
 This option sets how many pages of EMS are used for the memory swap. If this option is not specified, EMS is not used. If only '-e' is specified without the page count, maxdos will use all the available space in EMS.
 -w{work directory} : specifies the swap file directory. This option specifies the directory to hold the swap file.
 Without this option, the swap file will be created at the directry pointed by the environment variable TMP. Maxdos does not create  this directory. You need to create it.
 -a{sound file} : specifies the alarm sound file.
 This option instructs maxdos which sound it should use when the Appointment alarm times up. You need playEX loaded, if you want to use this option. If no file is specified, or if playEX is not loaded, a simple beep sound will be used.
 2. Remove maxdos from the memory
 maxdos -r
 -r : release
 This option releases maxdos loaded on the memory.
3. Invoke DOS program
 maxdos [-k] [-d{start directory}] [-s] [-e{EMS page count}]
 [-v{video mode}] [-?] Command
 Command : DOS command
 DOS command to be executed under Maxdos.If none is specified, COMMAND.COM will be run. The whole command line can be enclosed in the double quotes (").It should be used in a line with a pipe such as: maxdos "foo|bar"
 -k : pause
 With this option, maxdos pauses after the completion of the program.
 -d{start directory} : Working directory
 Use this option, if you want to move to a certain directory when you run a program.
 -s : Silent mode
 With this option, the alarm is not activated, when the set time has come.
 -e{EMS page count} : Set EMS pages for the application
 This option specifies the EMS pages to be reserved for the application, when other EMS pages are used for the memory swap. If this option is not specified, maxdos uses the  number specified when it is loaded.If only '-e' is specified, all the EMS pages are reserved for the application and none is used for the swap.This option is used for the temporary change of the EMS usage for a certain application.
 -v{video mode} : save and set the video mode
 This option saves the current video mode, with its country option (jp/us) and restore it when maxdos exits. Also it sets a new video mode to be used under maxdos. The new video mode should be specifiled in hexadecimal with the suffix of 'u'or 'j' for US or Japanese mode respectively.
 Example: -v3u for US-English text mode.
	Environment variables
 maxdos refers to the following environment variables.
 COMSPEC : The full path of command.com.If this variable does not exist, d:\dos\command.com is used.
 TMP : The directory for creating a temporary swap file. The contents of the memory is stored to this file.400 to 600 KB of free space is needed in this directory, when you run maxdos.If the '-w' paremeter is defined, it has priority over TMP.If the variable TMP does not exist, a temporary file is created on C:\
	Memory swap
 Memory swap-out is done first to EMS, if its use is specified, and then to a swap file. Maxdos makes access to the swap file only befor and after the  execution of the application. Therfore you can remove the disk containing the swap file during the execution.If maxdos cannot find the swap file after running the application, it prompt you to set the correct disk.
	Using with the Appointment
 If you set an alarm in the Appointment Book application, normally your palmtop will show you the appointment item with an alarm sound, when the set time has come.This function, however, does not work under maxdos, which swaps the System Mamager out.Maxdos utilizes the alarm function in BIOS and swithes the power ON, if it is OFF, and makes a beep sound, when the time is up.You can use alarm sound data instead of the beep sound, by loading playEX. In this case, playEX should be loaded prior to maxdos.
 playex <- Load playEX
 maxdos -l -ac:\alarm.snd <- Load maxdos
 100
 maxdos -r<- Remove maxdos
 playex -r<- Remove playEX
When the alarm is on, please go back to the System Manager to see the alarm item.It makes the next appointmanet time to be set.
	Redirection
Following methods can be used to redirect the command output under maxdos.
1) maxdos foo>bar 2) maxdos "foo>bar"
 The method 1) executes foo under maxdos and then the output is written to bar.The method 2) execute foo>bar under maxdos. Although in this case the results are almost identical, we will have a difference when we use a 'pipe', as follows:
3) maxdos foo|bar 4) maxdos "foo|bar"
The case 3 executes foo under maxdos and its results are handed over to the standard input of bar. Only foo runs under maxdos. The case 4) executes foo|bar under maxdos. Both foo and bar run under maxdos. GHF03213@niftyserve.or.jp

\9 MiniDict
It won't run in other environments.
* Word lookup (fast binary search)
* Search the entire database (Phrases and translations)
* Search and lookup are insensitive to case and accents.
* Copy and paste functions using the HP clipboard
* Small memory footprint
* Last open dictionary is remembered across sessions and automatically opened at startup.
* System manager compliant: uses the HP-LX user interface, can be task-switched, leaves your DOS process free for other applications.
* Dictionaries are freely available on the web.

HOW TO USE
The screen shows one dictionary entry - a phrase and its translation - at a time. In the Find field you can enter a word to look up in the dictionary or a word to search in the dictionary. Lookup (press {F5} or {Enter}) uses a fast binary search in the Phrase field of the dictionary entries. Search (press {F4}) searches the translation field, too. This is a sequential search and searching 80000 entries may take a while. You can interrupt the search by pressing {Ctrl}{Break}. Keys:
{Up}:    previous dictionary entry
{Down}:  next entry {Paste}: paste to the find edit field
{Copy}:  copy the translation field to the clipboard
{F1}:    display info about MiniDict
{F4}:    search for a text string
{F5}:    lookup a phrase
{F9}:    open a file
{F10}:   quit program
WHERE TO GET THE DICTIONARIES
http://www.freedict.com or http://dict.hplx.net
You will find dictionary files or installation packages including a windows program. The huge files with ".WB" extension are the dictionary files you need. Copy them to your palmtop, no conversion needed. You may want to rename the files to have hints at the languages they contain.
FUTUTRE PLANS AND KNOWN LIMITATIONS 
* MiniDict does not support editing the dictionary nor adding entries to a user dictionary. To keep the program compact and simple, I do not intend to add this functionality.
* The binary search for the lookup function relies on a sorted dictionary file. For some special characters, the sort order of the available dictionaries differs from the Palmtop's string comparison functions. As a result, some lookups may not take you to the desired entry, just near to it. I hope there will be a solution to this in the next release.
* Bug reports and comments to: alan@oeh.tu-graz.ac.at

\10 DbCheck
DBCHECK.EXE Version 1.73 program is intended to help find corruption of your data files. It can be used in a DOS batch file to prevent backing up a file with corruption, so that your good backup isn't overwritten with a corrupted file. Or you can use it from the DOS command line to inspect a file whenever you want.

--- What files it can examine ---

The utility works with any of the 100LX and 200LX application's data files, including ADB (appointments), PDB (phone), GDB (database), NDB (note taker), and WDB (world time) files, but not Lotus 1-2-3 files or Pocket Quicken files. I believe, but have not verified, that it will also work with the 95LX's data files. Even files that are password-encrypted can be checked.

--- How to use it interactively ---

Type the command 'dbcheck' followed by the name of the data file. For example, to check the file phone.pdb:

 C:\_DAT>dbcheck phone.pdb

You can also put more than one file name on the command line, and a file name can include wildcard characters. Some information about the records found in each file will be listed, along with any error messages or "no problems found."

--- What the output means ---

DBCHECK will produce output like this: MYDATA.ADB: File type: Appointment ...... 1 db header, 0 card def 0 categories, 27 fields defined 0 view point defs, 1 view point tables 3 smart clips, 1 lookup tables 110 data records, 61 with notes Found records: 208 Garbage records: 0 Expected records: 302 Deleted records: 95 No problems found with MYDATA.ADB

The main thing you should notice is the last line - no problems found. In case you're interested, each file should have one and only one db header. PDB, GDB, NDB, and WDB files should have one card definition (the layout of the fields). The number of fields is simply how many fields are defined for each card. View points are subsets and sorted views (ever notice how finding a subset the first time takes a while, but then it's faster? The info is retained in the view point table). If the file has been closed by the LX's application, it will have one lookup table. If the file is still open, it will have zero. 

--- How to use the "/d" switch ---

You call DBCHECK with the /d switch like this:

 C:\_DAT>dbcheck /d phone.pdb > phone.txt

Instead of just printing a summary, many details about the file are output. It makes sense to redirect the output to another file (phone.txt in the example) so that you can examine it later. The output consists of:

* The location (byte number) of each record in the database, along with its type and length. * The definition of each field (name, type, etc). * Notification as it compares each view point table. * The contents of each data record, including the data in each field. * The index number of each note it finds. To save space, the note contents are normally not printed, unless you include a "/n" on the command line too. Valid formats are:
 dbcheck /d /n phone.pdb > phone.txt
 dbcheck /dn phone.pdb > phone.txt
 dbcheck -nd phone.pdb > phone.txt
 dbcheck -d -n phone.pdb > phone.txt
 etc.

--- How to use it in a DOS batch file ---

DOS commands can be put together in a script called a batch file. This batch file is just a text file that you can create with the Memo app. Many programs, including DBCHECK, return a result code which can be accessed with the ERRORLEVEL variable. Your batch file can check the value of ERRORLEVEL and take appropriate action. Here's an example of how to use DBCHECK to back up files to the A: drive only if there were no errors (ERRORLEVEL equal to zero):

 dbcheck appt.adb
 if not errorlevel 1 copy appt.adb a:\
 dbcheck phone.pdb
 if not errorlevel 1 copy phone.pdb a:\

Or here's a way to give you more of an alert. This batch will check all the DB files, storing the results in the file DBCHECK.LOG, and backs them up only if all are OK. Otherwise it displays a message.

 echo off
 dbcheck *.?db >dbcheck.log
 if errorlevel 2 goto error
 rem Things must be OK, so back them up
 copy *.?db a:\
 goto end
 :error
 echo Warning! A possibly corrupted file was detected!
 echo Files were not backed up.
 :end

The ERRORLEVEL variable can have different values for different situations: 

 0 means that all files were OK.
 1 means that some files were not found or couldn't be opened.
 3 means that problems were found.

--- What errors it looks for ---

The following conditions will cause errors to be reported:

* The end of the file was reached in the middle of a record. * A record with a type number more than 31 was found. * More than one DB header record was found. * More than one Lookup Table record was found (but zero is OK). * The LookupTable has pointers to a location other than the start of
 a record. * A note field had a 0 or 255 byte. * A ViewPoint table (subset) points to a record number beyond the 
 range of those that exist. * A Date field contains an invalid date. * A Time field contains an invalid time. * A Note record is referenced in a data item, but that note could
 not be found. * In ADB files, an appt/todo points to another appt/todo which doesn't exist (ADB data file records are in a linked list). * In ADB files, an appt/todo has an incorrect number of links. Each data item should have one link to it from another item or the link table, and each item should have zero or one links out (zero means it's the last in that list). * In ADB files, single-day events and appointments, as well as 
 completed ToDo's, should be referenced according to the day they occurred/were completed. Recurring items (and multi-day items) are in a separate list. DBCHECK checks to make sure each date item is found in the correct list. * The number of date/item links doesn't match the number in the Type
 14,0 table.
If you have a file which is corrupted but DBCHECK doesn't report it, please send that file to me at curtc@airmail.net.
 Curtis cameron

--- version history ---

Version 1.1 added several more checks to the validity of the data, and added the "/d" command line switch to print lots of data about the file's contents.

Version 1.2 added comparison of the view point tables to the data record locations.

Version 1.3 fixed the problem where a view point table with references to deleted records would report a problem (this is ok). Also, if FASTDB.TSR is used, the file could have extra records which would report an error. This version notes the FASTDB exception, and sets the errorlevel to 2 instead of 3, so if you use FASTDB, check for errorlevel 3 in your batch files, and remember to ignore this error if you see it. Version 1.3 also makes an exception for WDB files, which apparently have deleted records for all those pre-loaded cities to make the file size smaller. It now understands that there will be about 480 record pointers even thought a file might have no records in it.

Version 1.4 adds the ability to check files that are password-encrypted. It does not display the password, but the "/d" switch will display all the data. It also increases the maximum number of defined fields in a database from 50 to 99.

Version 1.5 adds checking for linked lists in ADB files. Unike other file types, ADB files' data records (appt/todo's) are in linked lists, with pointers to other data records before and after it. This version added checking to make sure that the records pointed to actually exist, and that each record is pointed to exactly once from a previous record, and zero or one times from a downstream record. Thanks to Ed Falk for figuring out the linking. V1.5 also fixed a small bug where with multiple bad-character-in- note errors, only the first would be reported.

Version 1.6 added more checking for ADB linked lists, to make sure that each item is referenced in the correct list. Check to make sure the number of records mentioned in the database header record is correct (found records plus deleted records minus garbage records plus one). Check to make sure the lookup table is in the place the db header expects it. Various other changes plus bug fixes.

Version 1.61 fixed a bug where an empty time field in a database would report an error.

Version 1.7 now finds notes that are referenced but not found (or vice- versa). I thought I had done this in previous versions, but for some reason it wasn't in there. It also now looks ahead so that the field definitions are read first, even if they aren't located before the data records. Older versions couldn't check data records located before the field definitions in the file. 

Version 1.71 fixes a small problem with 1.7, where ADB files can legally have multiple records referencing the same note record (1.7 would report this as a problem). If you have recurring items with exceptions, or recurring todo's with some of them checked-off, there will be multiple records, but all of them point to the same note.

Version 1.73 further fixed the same bug. With 1.71, if a note number did not exist at all, it would report a bug, even if it wasn't referenced.

\11 DbView
 DBView 2.0 is a database viewer for GDB/NDB/PDB database files, having the same look & feel as the built-in database application. It can also perform simple statistical calculations on selected fields with given criteria.
The differences between DBView and the System Manager's DB
	application are:
 * DBView can run in DOS
 * Has better searching capabilities with AND/OR operators, speed-locate & find "Only" features
 * Opens database files for read-only, extending battery life when viewing database files stored in a flashcard
   This also prevents possible file corruption
 * Performs simple statistical calculations: SUM, AVG, MIN & MAX  on specified fields with given criteria
 * When used with HDM (a DOS application manager), it enables you to load & view any of your database files with a press of   a single button. Please read document below for more details
 * You can specify a search string directly at the DOS prompt   when launching DBV
 * DBView can be used on your desktop computer by using the   INT5F HP200LX Graphics emulator (included in this ZIP)
	New in this version:
 + Added SUM, MIN, MAX, AVG computing capabilities
 + Added field extraction feature
 + Added horizontal lines option
 + Implemented Right-Justify option for list-view
 + Added HOME key when viewing notes
 + Fixed bug when speed-locating strings containing commas
 + Fixed list-view column overlapping
 + Fixed a few other display glitches
 + Fixed Note (PGDN) bug
 + Included INT5F graphics driver to enable the use
   of DBView on a desktop computer
I. Installation
 There are 5 files included in this archive:
 + DBV.DOC:   The DBView documentation.
 + DBV.EXE:   The DBView program.
 + DBV.CFG:   The DBView configuration file.
 + DBV.ICN:   The DBView icon.
 + INT5F.ZIP: Graphics emulator to enable you to run DBView     on your desktop. Documentation for it is available in INT5F.ZIP
 DBView is a YAPA (Yet Another PAL Application<g>), and like all PAL applications, it's a DOS program. Simply copy the files of the archive in a directory of your choice. The configuration file DBV.CFG must always reside in the same directory as DBV.EXE.
NOTE: DBV requires at least 130k of memory to operate.
	Configuration:
DBV.CFG is the configuration file of DBView. You can use it to change some of the default parameters of DBView. At this moment, DBV.CFG is divided into 3 sections, [options], [paths]& [files]:

[options]
; Set to 1 to enable error beeps, 0 to disable them. beep=1
; Set to 1 to enable search in note fields.
SearchNotes=0
; Set to 1 to enable horizontal lines separating records.
HorizLines=0
; Set to 1 to display numbers right-justified in list-view.
RightJustify=0

[paths]
; set your database directory
dbdir=c:\_dat

[files]
; filename of dump/extraction file
DumpFile=dbv.sav

You can add comments anywhere in DBV.CFG provided that you start the lines with a semicolon.
	NOTE: Normally DBV.CFG should be located in the same    directory as DBV.EXE. However, you can make DBV find DBV.CFG from any directory, by just copying DBV.CFG into the C:\_DAT directory. There's also an icon provided in this archive if you wish to install DBView in the System Manager.
	II.Program operation.
You probably know how to use the System Manager's database application to create & view database files. DBView works very similar for viewing them. DBView supports multiple card database files. These are database files having more then 1 page of record information (up to 4 max.). DBView will display the page number on the top status line. Pressing the PGUP/PGDN keys will enable you to view the other pages, when available.
 * DBView cannot view password protected database files! (will display Error#24)
To run DBView from the DOS prompt simply type dbv <ENTER>. You may include a database filename at the command line if you wish, and DBView will run & load the specified database file. The command line arguments are:
  dbv <dbfile> <search string> where <dbvfile> is the name of a valid GDB, NDB or PDB file. If no extension is given, .GDB is taken as the default. You can also (optionally) specify a search string. DBV will launch and search for that string if you specify one.
	NOTE: You can not load a database file that is currently open by the SysMgr's DB application. The following error message will be displayed and DBV will quit if you attempt to do so: "Database file not closed?"
If the DATABASE application is open and using the file you wish to load in DBV, you must close the DATABASE application, and then use DBView to view it. You may also get this message if the DATABASE application hasn't closed the database file properly (when this happens the lookup table is missing in the file). To correct this, you must open the database file using the DATABASE application, and then close it by quitting DATABASE. This will do the necessary cleanup in the database file. Solution to avoid the above problems: use DBView on your backup database files, and System manager's DB on the original ones (when editing is needed).

DBView has 2 display modes: List view and record view. You can use the UP/DOWN arrows to select a record. To see the contents of a record press ENTER or F2. Most of the DBV functions can be accessed from the function keys. Some of the functions can also be accessed by the menus (please note that menus work only in list-view mode).
	Function keys for the list-view mode:
ARROWS: The Up key browses into the database backwards. The Down key browses forward. The current record is displayed on the top status bar along with the loaded database filename.
HOME: Select the first record of the database.
END: Select the last record of the database.
F1: Simple help screen.
F2: Same as ENTER, displays the selected record data.
F3: Full screen note. The record's note (if any) will be displayed in full.
	NOTE: The current version of DBView still has a limited way on viewing the complete note of a record. (a multi-line field requires a lot of code<g>). You can press the F3 key [more] to view the of a large note. [HOME] or F4 will bring you at the beginning of the note.
F4: Find feature. The find dialog will popup waiting for the following input:
 String1: String of text/numbers you wish to find in the
          database file.
 String2: Optional, second search string. If used, you
          must select the searching method (logic):
     AND: Searches for a match of both String1 & String2
      OR: Searches for a match of either String1 or String2
     [x]: The 'include notes' checkbox toggles the search mode to include notes while searching (slower).
	NOTE: Hold down the ESC key to abort the search. DBView will search only through the records of the currently selected subset (all records by default). If a match is found, DBView will highlight the record. You can then press ENTER to see its contents.
F5: Will search for the next match, and display it if found.
F6: Find "Only" feature. This search option will create a subset of all matching records. You can return to the previous subset by pressing F7, or even create other subsets from the matching results by pressing F6 as many times as you like.
F7: Change to a different subset of the database. The default is 'all database items'. Note that this will affect the search, since it will search only through the records of the selected subset.
	NOTE: There may be ocassions where some subsets will not appear in the subset selection window. This is because the subset indexes are missing from the database file. By simply opening the database file with System Manager's database application and viewing the 'missing' subsets, the file will    be updated and the missing subsets should then appear in DBView's subset selection window.
F8: Dump the current record to a file (filename specified in DBV.CFG) in ASCII (text) format.
F9: Open database. You can use this option to load another database file into DBView.
There are some DBView features that can only be accessed by the menus. These include database calculations (explained further below), and field extraction.
 MENU->Database->Extract field data:
This feature can be used to extract the data from all the records, of a selected field into the DBV.SAV file. DBView will ask you for the field you wish to extract, and then extract it in ASCII format. You can only extract fields that contain numeric or text data (checkboxes and radio buttons cannot be extracted). If DBV.SAV already exists, it will be over-written, not appended.
Pressing any alphanumerical key activates the SPEED-LOCATE  feature. A small window will popup at the top of the screen,  and every keystroke you enter will appear in that window. DBV will search for a match while you are typing. If no match can be found a short beep will be heard. Please note that the speed locate feature searches only through items of the first (left) column of the list view display. (same as System Manager's database application).
In the record-view mode (F2), the following keys are active:
F1: Small help screen.
F2/ESC: Back to list view display mode.
F3: View the record note (if any) in full screen.
F4: Search for 1 or 2 strings in database (see above).
F5: Find next match (see above).
F6/UP: Select the previous record in the list.
F7/DOWN: Select the next record in the list.
PGUP/PGDN: Select the page to view in a multiple-card database.

III. DBView COMPUTING CAPABILITIES.
DBView has a small set of 4 statistical calculations that can be performed on a selected field, with given criteria. These features are only accessible from within the menus:
 a) Set Criteria
If you don't use this option, DBView will perform the selected calculation on ALL database records of the CURRENT SUBSET. You can provide the following criteria if you want DBView to do the calculation based on records that only match the criteria you have entered.
The criteria is based on 3 values: First, the field that will be used to compare the criteria against. Then, you must provide one of the 10 relational operators (comparison between field & criteria). Finally, the criteria data that will be compared against the selected field using the selected relational operator. Here's the list of the possible relational operators:
 NOP: No criteria - process all records.
	String operators:
  = : Field must match the given criteria.
NOTE: criteria string is CASE-SENSITIVE!
 ~= : Criteria must match at least a PART of the field.
NOTE: criteria string is CASE-SENSITIVE!
 <> : Field must not match given criteria.
NOTE: criteria string is CASE-SENSITIVE!
	Numeric operators:
  = : Field value must match criteria value.
 <> : Field value must not match given criteria.
  < : Field value must be smaller then criteria value.
 <= : Field value must be smaller or equal to criteria value.
  > : Field value must be greater then criteria value.
 >= : Field value must be greater or equal to criteria value.
	Boolean operators:
 ON : Checkbox or Radio button must be enabled (marked).
 OFF: Checkbox or Radio button must be disabled (unmarked).

 b) Calculations:
All calculations will be performed on the current subset, and only with records that match the given criteria (or all records if no criteria are given).
 SUM: Adds numeric data of the specified field and displays
      the total.
 AVG: Computes the average (SUM/n) of the specified field.
 MIN: Find the MINimum (smallest) value of the specified field.
 MAX: Find the MAXimum (largest) value of the specified field.
NOTE: >, >=, <, <= operators can only be used with numeric values.  ON, OFF operators must only be used with checkbox or radio  button types of fields.
DBView assumes that strings having the "hh:mm" format contains time data, so it computes & shows the result in the same format.
 DBView does not compute dates!

INT5F.ZIP included in this archive, a small TSR  which simulates the HP200LX graphics on desktop computers. If you would like to use DBView on your desktop system, please pkunzip this file and read the included documentation. You can also use other PAL applications such as PalEdit and HV with INT5F on your desktop.

ERROR CODES that DBV may return:
 Error #2 : Out of memory (may also display 'PALMEM fail: out of memory').
 Error #4 : File read operation error (file corrupted?).
 Error #5 : Index is missing from database file, must be refreshed by System Manager's database application.
 Error #7 : Not a database file.
 Error #8 : World time database file - not supported.
 Error #9 : Appointment book database file - not supported.
 Error #14: Error opening database file (file not found?).
 Error #24: Database file is password protected.
 * If you get unexpected errors when using DBView within System Manager, try to increase the amount of memory on the application entry screen.
 Harry Konstas 72540.620@compuserve.com
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/harry/

\12 FastDb

FASTDB is an HP 100/200LX System Manager TSR which changes the garbage collection strategy on the 100LX/200LX. The intent is to speed up typical database use, but it may or may not have any effect, depending on your usage patterns.

The database normally marks each changed record (either modified or deleted, but *not* added) as "garbage" on disk.  The next database action that can be undone (either an add, delete, or modify), collects garbage in the file by moving the file around to collapse out the deleted space. For large files, this can take a long time. The database is smart enough to not bother collecting garbage if there is nothing to collect. The purpose of the database garbage collection is to keep files small. FASTDB intercepts all calls to the database garbage collection, and forstalls them until the file is closed.  Instead of multiple calls to compress the file throughout its use, you only suffer through one while closing the file. This has two implications. First and foremost is that until you close the file, the file will not be garbage collected! If you're changing a lot of records, or even a few on a large file, this can be an enormous time savings. The second implication is that for each change you make to the file, the file will grow. Since the "marked for dead" records are never packed out, your database files will slowly keep increasing in size until you close the applications using them. This probably won't be a problem, but you have been warned in case you are tight on space to begin with.
FASTDB is not selective about which garbage collection calls it interferes with - if it is loaded, all database applications receive its benefits (and drawbacks). Note that the *only* thing that is "speeded" is the amount of garbage collection.
A SysMgr TSR (like FASTDB and Everett's MPLAY) is loaded into the SysMgr's "static RAM" area, which is at a lower address than just about everything else. This static RAM area is also used by Pocket Quicken. Although I don't think it will conflict, if you use Quicken and you experience problems loading Quicken, be sure to go into Setup and set your Static RAM allocation larger.
To install the TSR, copy FASTDB.TSR into your C:\_DAT directory, and reboot your HP 100/200LX. 11/22/94 Andy Gryc

\13 LOTUS

ver 2.2  non-labels=values 0123456789+-.(@#$
' left " right ^ center \ repeat | left+non-print
Operators ^expon. +-*/  String Formulas + & ""
Logical Functions = > < #not# #or# #and#
pw= space p (pw=15char) enter (repeat)

Files are worksheets divided into rows and columns. A group of cells arranged next to each other is a range. Formulas use the values in cells and ranges for their calculations
Lotus 1-2-3 comes with a add-in programs (1) Macro Library Manager that allows you to store commonly used macros in separate files, and (2) WYSIWYG (what-you-see-is-what-you-get), which provides special print capabilities including boldface, italics, underlining, shading of cells, different fonts, and printing worksheets and graphs together. It also comes with Auditor, Tutor, File Viewer, Backsolver, and SmartIcons programs. You attach an add-in program with / A (Add-In) A (Attach), or with ALT F10 (Add-In Menu) A (Attach). To attach the Viewer:
a. Type / A (Add-In) A (Attach), or Press ALT F10 (Add-in Menu), then type A (Attach)
b. Highlight VIEWER.ADN and press ENTER
c. Type N (No-key) Q (Quit)

	To display Command Menu, type / (forward slash) or < (less than) To display WYSIWYG Menu, type : (colon)
 To edit a dialog box, press F2 (Edit)
 To hide/display box, press F6 (Window)
 For a list of names, press F3 (Names)
 To point to cells, press F4 (Point)
 To exit without saving changes, press ESC or click right button
 To finish editing in box, press SHIFT ENTER or select "OK"
 When you enter certain commands, a prompt requiring additional information appears:
 Type the necessary information (often a range- see USING CELL RANGES section) and press ENTER to record the entry, or
 If a default value or previous response to the same prompt appears, you may either accept the existing answer by pressing ENTER, or type over the existing answer and press ENTER

	Editing Mode Commands
Change to/from Edit mode 	F2
Go to first character 	HOME
Go to last character 	END
Go to end of file		END HOME
Go left five characters 	SHIFT TAB or CTRL [ LEFT ARROW]
Go right five characters 	TAB or CTRL [RIGHT ARROW]
Change to insert mode 	INS
Delete current character 	DEL
Delete character to left 	BACKSPACE
Delete all characters 	ESC
Point to a cell range	Math operator and [UP/DOWN ARROW]
Change cell reference to absolute or mixed F4
Calculate formula to its value 	F9
Finish edit 		ENTER
Finish edit, move up or down	[UP/DOWN ARROW]

	Highlight a Cell Range
1. Use cell pointer movement keys to position the cell pointer in one corner of the range
2. Type . (period) to anchor the corner
3. Use cell pointer movement keys until you have highlighted the range you want and press ENTER
 NOTE: To highlight a range before issuing command, press F4, highlight range, press ENTER. Then issue the command.

	Type a Label
(DEFAULT = Left-Aligned)
1. Position cell pointer in cell where label is to appear
2. Check the mode indicator to see if 1-2-3 is in the Ready mode. (If not, press ESC until "READY" appears.)
3. Type label (240 characters maximum), or
    If label begins with a number or other value character (see GUIDELINES), or to align label in the cell, type label prefix (' " ^ "" or ^^), then type label
4. Press ENTER or an arrow key
 NOTE:
To align all future labels in the worksheet, follow ALIGN ALL FUTURE LABELS procedure in ALIGNING LABELS section.

	Divide Long Labels into Several Rows
Use this procedure to combine all labels from consecutive rows into one paragraph or to divide a long label into several rows. 1. Position cell pointer in the top-most cell in a single column of one or more consecutive rows of long labels
2. Type / R (Range) J (Justify)
3. To specify new width of label(s):
Indicate maximum width in columns and depth in rows (e.g., A1..C5) for area to contain labels, or
If depth in rows does not matter, type target range showing current row and width in columns (e.g., A1...C1)
4. Press ENTER

	Indicating Cell References (relative, absolute, and mixed). Use a $ (dollar sign) to make a reference absolute or mixed.
When you type a reference in a formula, 1-2-3 will substitute the value of the cell(s) referred to when calculating the formula.
To refer to a cell in another worksheet, in a new cell, type +<<filename>>cell address (e.g., +<<c:\jobs.wk1>>b3).
When building a formula using the cell pointer to refer to cells, press the F4 (Absolute Ref.) key to change the reference to an absolute reference. Press F4 several more times to cycle through mixed references. Examples: B4, $B$4, B$4, $B4, B4
	Absolute references (cell references stay the same when copied)
-Single cell (e.g., $B$5)
-Range (e.g., $A$1..$H$47)
-Range name (e.g., $AMOUNT, $HOURS)
	Relative references (cell references change when copied)
-Single cell (e.g., B4)
-Range (e.g., A4..E30)
-Range name (e.g., MACROS, AMOUNT).
	Mixed references (column or row either changes or remains constant when copied)
-Single cell (e.g., B$4)
-Range (e.g., A$1..D$14)

	Formulas may have four parts:
-Arithmetic operators (see below)
-Constant numbers (remain the same when worksheet changes)
-References to cells or ranges (may change when worksheet changes)
-Built-in functions
		Example: 5*B2+@SUM(AMOUNT)
A formula can have up to 240 characters, but cannot contain spaces except where necessary within string formulas.

1-2-3 performs calculations from left to right, but gives precedence to operations in the following order:
 Parentheses 	(( ))
 Exponentiation 	(^)
 Multiplication and Division  (* /)
 Addition and Subtraction  (+ -)

	While you type formula, refer to cell or range in one of four ways:
 Type cell address(es)
 Build a formula using cell pointer
 Type range names
 Press F3 (List Names)

	Built-In Functions
1-2-3 has over 80 built-in functions. You can type a function by itself in a cell or include it as part of a formula. After the @, type the function word. Most functions also require arguments in () (parentheses). Arguments supply the function with information needed to complete the calculation. Example: @SUM(D5..D26)
If typing a list of arguments, separate them with commas or semicolons;
		@PV(PAYMENT,INTEREST,TERM)
		@SUM(D5;E9;E10)
Do not include blank spaces when writing a function except where necessary with arguments in string functions

	Example Functions
@ABS(x) 			Absolute value of x
@AVG(list or range)	Average value in range
@NOW			Numeric value of today's date+time
@RAND			Random number between 0 and 1
@SIN(x) 			Sine of x
@SQRT(x) 			Square root of x
@SUM(list or range)	Sum values in range
	NOTE:
To repeat the value or label in a different cell, type a + followed by the cell reference and then press ENTER (e.g., +A5, +TOTAL). If a series of asterisks (*) appears after you type the formula, it means the value is too large to fit in the cell. Change the cell format (follow CHANGE FORMAT OF VALUES IN SPECIFIC CELLS procedure) or increase the width of the column 
	Type a Formula using Cell Pointer to Highlight Cells
When cells are close together or you do not know the cell addresses:
1. Position cell pointer in cell where formula is to appear
2. If desired, type built-in function such as @SUM or @AVG followed by ( (open parenthesis), or type other characters that precede cell entries in the formula. Examples: @SUM( or 3*
3. Move cell pointer to first cell to appear in formula
4. If cell reference is to be absolute, press F4 (Absolute Ref.) If cell reference is to be mixed, press F4 (Absolute Ref.) several times until correct form appears on Command Line
5. If necessary, type operator ( + - * or / ), a . (period), or a , (comma)
6. If necessary, position cell pointer in next cell to appear in formula
7. Repeat Steps 4-6 as necessary
8. Finish entry with ) (close parenthesis) if using a built-in function. Example: @SUM(B6..F65)
9. When formula is complete, press ENTER

	Type a Formula using Range Names
1. Position cell pointer in cell where formula is to appear
2. Type arithmetic operator or built-in function
3. If cell or range is to be absolute, type $ (dollar sign)
4. Type range name, or Press F3 (List Names), highlight range name, and press ENTER
5. Continue typing formula. Example: @SUM(APRIL)
6. When formula is complete, press ENTER

	Type a Formula Linking Another File
1. Position cell pointer in cell to contain formula
2. Type +<<filename>>cell address or range name and press ENTER, or to use file Viewer, type / F (File) V (View) L (Link), highlight filename, press [RIGHT ARROW], select cells, and press ENTER
 Examples:
		+<<INVOICE.WK1>>D7
		+<<BASEBALL>>TOTAL
 NOTE:
If cell address contains a range of cells, 1-2-3 will reduce the formula to the first cell in the range.
If you use file Viewer, the entire range you select is linked. 
If you use a named range and the named range refers to multiple cells, 1-2-3 will only refer to the first cell in the range

	Type a String Formula
You may write formulas to combine text and label and value cells by using the & (ampersand) sign and/or string functions. 1. Position cell pointer in cell where formula is to appear
2. Type formula (240 characters maximum). Use & to concatenate (combine in sequence) text in " " marks, cell references to labels, or functions converting values to text.
3. To enter formula into cell, press ENTER or an arrow key. Result of formula automatically displays. Examples:
 If AD5=Law and AH5=2949, then the formula +AD5&" $"&@STRING(AH5,0) will yield the following result: Law $2949
 If A40=Worksheet updated through and A41=August, then the formula +A40&" "&A41&"." will yield the following result: Worksheet updated through August.

	Calculate a Formula
Use this procedure to convert a formula to its value while it is on the Command Line. This is useful if you want to enter a number rather than a formula on the worksheet.
1. Type formula, or, to display a formula to edit, position cell pointer in cell and press F2 (Edit Cell)
2. Press F9 (Calculate)
3. To enter number into the current cell, press ENTER
 NOTE: This does not recalculate the entire worksheet.

	Convert Formulas to Values
Use this procedure to convert a range of formulas to its displayed values.
1. Type / R (Range) V (Value)
2. Type or highlight range of cells to convert and press ENTER
3. Type or highlight top left cell of range into which you want to copy formulas (may be same as range specified in Step 2) and press ENTER
 NOTE: The destination range will match the shape (row or column) of the source range. If your source range is a column and you specify a row range for your destination range, 1-2-3 will create a column of values starting in each cell of the row specified. You can also convert formulas to values by following WRITE RANGE TO A NEW FILE procedure in the COPYING AND MOVING.  
	date and time
You can type date or time as labels or values. If you type date or time as a value, you have more flexibility to:
-Reformat the date or time
-Sort dates and times
-Perform date arithmetic, such as calculate the difference between two dates or times.
Once you have entered a value for the date or time, format the number with the /Range Format Date command. To select an international date or time format, use the /Worksheet Global Default Other International Date or Time command.
1-2-3 uses serial numbers to represent specific dates and times:
 date serial numbers as such: January 1, 1900 is 1, January 2, 1900 is 2, etc. E.g., January 1, 1993 is 33790
 time serial numbers as such: one second after midnight is 0, noon is .5, etc. E.g., 10:15 AM is 0.427083
Use special built-in functions to type and convert dates and times.
	Type a Date
1. To use a function to calculate a date, type @DATE(yy,mm,dd), or, to type serial number for a date, type number in cell
2. Press ENTER
3. To format date, type / R (Range) F (Format) D (Date), select desired format, and press ENTER
example: @DATE(93,3,23) (March 23, 1993)
	Type a Time
1. To use a function to calculate a time, type @TIME(hh,mm,ss), or, to type serial number for a time, type number in cell
2. Press ENTER
3. To format time, type / R (Range) F (Format) D (Date) T (Time), select desired format, and press ENTER
Example: @TIME(15,35,0) (3:35 PM)
	Type Current Date and Time
1. To use a function to calculate the current date and time (updates itself automatically when worksheet recalculates), type @NOW, or, to use a formula to type both a date and time (does not update automatically), type @DATE(yy,mm,dd)+@TIME(hh,mm,ss)
2. Press ENTER
3. To format cell as either date or time, type / R (Range) F (Format) D (Date), select desired format, and press ENTER

	Erase Specific Cells
1. Position cell pointer in the first cell to be erased
2. Type / R (Range) E (Erase)
3. If necessary, type or highlight the rest of the range to be erased and press ENTER
NOTE: This command does not affect cell formats and will not erase protected cells. 

	hide
Hide information so that it will not display on the screen or print. This may be necessary if you have intermediate information you do not wish displayed, information that would confuse another user, or proprietary information that you do not want others to see. Cell references are not affected by hiding cells, columns, or zeros.
	Hide Cells
1. Type / R (Range) F (Format)
2. To hide cells, type H (Hidden). To unhide cells, choose any other format
3. Type or highlight range of cells and press ENTER
	Hide/Display Columns
Use this procedure to hide a range of columns and close up vacated space.
1. Position cell pointer in column to be hidden
2. Type / W (Worksheet) C (Column)
3. To hide column(s), type H (Hide), highlight range of columns to be hidden, and press ENTER, or, to redisplay hidden columns, type D (Display), highlight range of columns to redisplay (hidden columns are indicated by asterisks), and press ENTER

Use range names liberally to organize and simplify worksheets.
To refer more quickly to a cell or cell range, you may assign a name to the cell(s). You can then refer to the name instead of the cell addresses. A range name can refer to a single cell or to a continuous block of cells, but not to a list of cells.
Use named ranges as markers to quickly move to an area of the worksheet. Referring to named ranges in worksheet formulas, database formulas, query ranges, graph ranges, and print ranges is often easier than typing the cell addresses each time you specify a range. In addition, creating range names aids in documenting your worksheet. Formulas will contain cell addresses that have some meaning. Example: +REVENUES-EXPENSES
References to a range that is moved as a result of inserting or deleting rows or columns adjust to refer to the new location of the range.
Moving a corner of a named range will change the definition of that range. Row or column deletions that delete the corner of a range will destroy references to that range. 1-2-3 will not warn you if you unintentionally change a range.
Range names are stored with the worksheet.
If referring to a single cell range name in another worksheet, type the filename in <<>>. Example: +<<93REV.WK1>>TOTAL

	Assign Name to Cell(s)
1. Type / R (Range) N (Name) C (Create)
2. To create a new name, type the name (15 characters or less, any character or space is accepted) and press ENTER. Avoid creating names that might appear to be numbers or cell addresses in a formula.
3. Type or highlight range to be named and press ENTER
NOTE: Once you assign a name to a cell range, all formulas referring to that range change to refer to it by range name.

	Search for Characters in a Label or Formula
Use this procedure to search for a string in a label or formula. 
1. Type / R (Range) S (Search)
2. Type or highlight range of cells to search
3. Type the string you want to find (e.g., JUNE)
4. Type F (Find). 1-2-3 will highlight the first occurrence of the string.
5. To go to next occurrence, type N (Next), or, to stop, type Q (Quit)
6. When 1-2-3 cannot find any more occurrences of the string, 1-2-3 will display an error message and beep. Press ESC. 

	Search and Replace
Use this procedure to search for a string in a label or formula and replace it with another string. 
1. Type / R (Range) S (Search)
2. Type or highlight range of cells to search
3. Type the string you want to find (e.g., JUNE)
4. Type R (Replace)
5. Type the string with which you want to replace it (e.g., JULY)
6. To replace all occurrences of the search string, type A (All), or, to replace this occurrence and go to next string, type R (Replace), or, to skip this occurrence and go to next string, type N (Next), or, to stop without replacing, type Q (Quit)
7. When 1-2-3 finds no more occurrences of the string, press ESC 

	Align a Range of Labels
Use this procedure to align existing labels.
1. Type / R (Range) L (Label-Prefix)
2. To align labels to the left in cells, type L (Left), or, to align labels to the right in cells, type R (Right), or, to center labels in cells, type C (Center)
3. Type or highlight range of cells to be aligned and press ENTER
	Align All Future Labels
(DEFAULT = Left Alignment)
Use this procedure to align all labels typed after this command in this worksheet. 
1. Type / W (Worksheet) G (Global) L (Label-Prefix)
2. Type L (Left), R (Right), or C (Center)
 NOTE: Existing labels are not affected.

	Changing Format of Values in Specific Cells
(DEFAULT = General)
Use this procedure to format current and future values in a range.
1. Type / R (Range) F (Format)
2. Select format
3. If you specified Fixed, Scientific, Currency, Comma (,), or Percent in Step 2, you must indicate the number of decimal places:
 To accept the two decimal place default, press ENTER, or type the number of decimal places desired and press ENTER
4. If you specified Date in Step 2, you must indicate how the date should be displayed:
 To choose date format option, type 1 - 5, or, to choose a time option, type T (Time) and select option 1 - 4
5. Type or highlight range of cells to be formatted and press ENTER

	Change Format of Values in All Cells
(DEFAULT = General)
Use this procedure to format all current and future values in the worksheet. This procedure does not affect cells formatted with the /Range Format command.
1. Type / W (Worksheet) G (Global) F (Format)
2. Select format
3. If you specified Fixed, Scientific, Currency, Comma (,), or Percent in Step 2, you must indicate the number of decimal places:
 To accept the two decimal place default, press ENTER, or, type the number of decimal places desired and press ENTER
4. If you specified Date in Step 2, you must indicate how the date should be displayed:
 To choose date format option, type 1 - 5, or, to choose a time option, type T (Time) and select option 1 - 4
NOTE: To change the display of date options 4 and 5 and time options 3 and 4, follow CHANGE DATE FORMATS FOR D4 AND D5 and CHANGE TIME FORMATS FOR D8 AND D9 procedures in CHANGING COUNTRY FORMATS AND OTHER DEFAULTS section.

	Change Width of all Columns
1. Type / W (Worksheet) G (Global) C (Column-Width)
2. To increase or decrease width of all columns, press [RIGHT ARROW] or [LEFT ARROW], or, type a number indicating new character width of the column
3. Press ENTER

	Change Row Height
1. Change font of cells with : F (Format) F (Font), or, if using a mouse, drag with left button the bottom border of the row number. To return to default height, hold down SHIFT while you click on the bottom border. Or, Type : W (Worksheet) R (Row) S (Set-Height), select rows and press ENTER, and type number of points or press [UP ARROW] or [DOWN ARROW], then press ENTER

	Type Currency Symbol
Use this procedure to create a currency symbol that is not a standard key on the keyboard.
1. Hold down the ALT key and use the numeric keypad to type a three digit code (e.g., ALT 156 prints  (British Pound Sterling)), or use the @CHAR function and the three digit LICS code (e.g., @CHAR(160) prints  (Guilder)), or press ALT F1 (Compose), and type the compose sequence (e.g. ALT F1 Y = prints  (Japanese Yen))

CURRENCY	SYMBOL 	LICS	ALT 	SEQUENCE
Dollar	$	036	036
Pound		163	156	L=
Guilder	 	160	159	ff
Cents		162	155	C/
Yen		165	157	Y=
Peseta	Pt	166	158	PT

	Lock Worksheet Titles
1. Scroll window so that titles you wish to lock in place are displayed where you want them to remain
2. Position cell pointer below row(s) and/or to the right of column(s) to be locked
3. Type / W (Worksheet) T (Titles)
4. To lock horizontal titles, type H (Horizontal), or
 To lock vertical titles, type V (Vertical), or
 To lock both horizontal and vertical titles, type B (Both)

	Clear Locked Titles
1. Type / W (Worksheet) T (Titles) C (Clear)

	Split Window
1. Position cell pointer in cell where split is to occur. Current row or column will become the first row or column of new window.
2. Type / W (Worksheet) W (Window)
3. To split window horizontally, type H (Horizontal), or, to split window vertically, type V (Vertical)
 NOTE: You cannot split the worksheet on row 1 in a horizontal split or column A in a vertical split.

	Move Cell Pointer Between Windows
1. To move cell pointer across border to other window, press F6 (Next Window)
	To clear Split Worksheet
1. Type / W (Worksheet) W (Window) C (Clear)

summary of F keys		Alt		Ctrl
F1	Help 		Compose		Last help
F2	Edit Cell	Step Macro
F3	List Names	Run Macro
F4	Highlight/Absolute	Undo
F5	Go to Cell	Learn On/Off
F6	Next Window
F7	Repeat Query	Run App. 1
F8	Repeat Table	Run App. 2
F9	Calculate	Run App. 3
F10	Redraw Graph	Add-in Menu