


                                     Xtab ver 2.0
                    Copyright (c) 1995 - 1998 by Douglas Marko Yobe
                                 t/a DougSoft Systems
                                        Manual




          
     INTRODUCTION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

          
     FEATURES  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

          
     INSTALLATION  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
               
          HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
                    
               Operating System  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
                    
               System Files  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
                         
                    CONFIG.SYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
                         
                    CONFIG.DB  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
                    
               Hardware  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
               
          Installing Xtab  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

          
     RUNNING Xtab  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

          
     TUTORIAL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
               
          Generating a Crosstab From Previously Saved Options  . . . . . . . . 7
               
          Generating a Crosstab From New Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

          
     Xtab MENUS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10

          
     FILE MENU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
               
          Open File Ctrl-O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
                    
               Selecting the DRIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
                    
               Selecting the SUBDIRECTORY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
                    
               Selecting the FILE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
               
          Load Options Ctrl-L  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
                    
               Selecting the DRIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
                    
               Selecting the SUBDIRECTORY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
                    
               Selecting the FILE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
               
          Save Options Ctrl-S  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
                    
               Selecting the DRIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
                    
               Selecting the SUBDIRECTORY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
                    
               Entering the Filename   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
               
          Exit Alt-F4  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12

          
     DATABASE MAINTENANCE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
               
          Create New Database File  Ctrl-N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
                    
               Entering File Structure Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
                    
               Entering the Filename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
               
          Browse Database File ALT+B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
                    
               Add Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
                    
               Modify Records  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
                    
               Delete Records  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
               
          Pack Database  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
               
          Reindex Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15

          
     GENERATING MENU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
               
          Generate Crosstab  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
                    
               Entering Report Heading 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
                    
               Entering Report Heading 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
                    
               Selecting the Row Headings Field  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
                    
               Selecting the Column Headings Field . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16



                    
               Selecting the X Values Field  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
                    
               Crosstab Report Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
                         
                    Detailed Report  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
                         
                    Summary Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
                         
                    Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
                         
                    Maximum Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
                         
                    Minimum Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
                         
                    Standard Deviations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
                         
                    Variances  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
                         
                    Count  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
                    
               Accept  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
                    
               Save Crosstab Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
                         
                    Selecting the Subdirectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
                         
                    Entering the File Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
                         
                    Selecting the Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
                         
                    Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
                    
               Print Crosstab Results  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
                         
                    Send Report Output to Printer  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
                         
                    Sending the Report to a Textfile . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
                    
               Display Last Crosstab Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
                    
               Global Options  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
                         
                    Printer Pitch  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
                         
                    Page Length  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
                         
                    Display Year as Two/Four Digits in Dates . . . . . . . .  21
                         
                    Date Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
                         
                    Printer Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
                    
               Accept  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21




     INTRODUCTION
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~
     Xtab is a program which will analyse data from any three columns from a
     dBASE compatible database file and produce a crosstab analysis based on
     these columns.  The contents of one field is used as Row Column headings,
     the contents from the second field is to create Column Headings and the
     final (X Values) contents is the data that will be intersected between the
     rows and columns. 

     For an example, let us say the sales manager of company A has
     extracted the following information from his sales analysis
     records pertaining to his salesmen's performance: 

      SALESMAN     TURNOVER MONTH    
      Jones          800.00 Jan      
      Peter          750.00 Jan      
      David          700.00 Jan      
      Peter          250.00 Jan      
      Peter          800.00 Feb      
      Jones          600.00 Feb      
      David          800.00 Feb      
      Jones          400.00 Feb      
      Jones          200.00 Feb      
      Jones          500.00 Mar      
      Peter          700.00 Mar      
      Jones          500.00 Mar      
      David          500.00 Mar      
      David          400.00 Apr      
      Peter          400.00 Apr      
      Jones          500.00 Apr      
      David          100.00 Apr      

     To know the performance of his salesmen for the four months January to
     April and runs Xtab. 

     Resulting crosstab analysis:

      SALESMAN    TOTAL        APR        FEB        JAN        MAR 
      Jones     3500.00     500.00    1200.00     800.00    1000.00 
      Peter     2900.00     400.00     800.00    1000.00     700.00 
      David     2500.00     500.00     800.00     700.00     500.00 

     If he now wants to know the total sales results of each month and
     changes a few parameters (just by swapping the Row and Column
     Fields) Xtab produces the following results:  

      MONTH         TOTAL      DAVID      JONES      PETER 
      Feb         2800.00     800.00    1200.00     800.00 
      Jan         2500.00     700.00     800.00    1000.00 
      Mar         2200.00     500.00    1000.00     700.00 
      Apr         1400.00     500.00     500.00     400.00 

     Column headings are created dynamically.




     FEATURES
     ~~~~~~~~
     1)   Read dBASE ver III+ and higher *.dbf files.
       
     2)   Create dBASE IV dbf compatible files. 

     3)   Browse a database file - add, modify or delete records.

     4)   Windows like interface.

     5)   Mouse compatible.

     6)   Logical arrangement of objects. Pressing ENTER on most objects on the
          screen will automatically set focus on the next logical object.  The
          object with focus will be highlighted differently.  However, you can
          select another object by pressing ALT and the highlighted key of the
          desired object.

     7)   Keyboard shortcuts.  Pressing ALT + the highlighted key of the desired
          option will either select a menu option or execute a command with the
          highlighted key. 

     8)   Hot Keys to execute most of the frequently used menus and functions.
          Pressing a hot key from anywhere on the main menu will execute the
          respective menu.

     9)   Save frequently used options to a file which you can then load and
          generate a crosstab with very little or no additional changes.

     10)  Save crosstab results to a dBASE dbf compatible file.

     11)  Pressing F1 will give you a context sensitive help screen.

     Running Xtab should not alter your existing database files as it makes a
     copy of your database file before generating a crosstab, unless if you have
     gone into Database Maintenance and intentionally modified it. However even
     so it is good data processing policy to make regular backups of all your
     important data. 




     INSTALLATION
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~
     HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     Operating System
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          DOS ver 3.3x or higher

     System Files
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~
          CONFIG.SYS
               
          The system configuration file should contain the following statements:

               FILES = 255 
               BUFFERS = 15 (or higher)


          CONFIG.DB

          Xtab comes with a configuration file which you can optionally change
          to suit your hardware.  You may wish to change the display type to the
          one which matches your hardware.  Acceptable options are
          MONO/COLOR/EGA25/EGA43/MONO43/VGA25/VGA43/VGA50.  Use your favourite
          DOS text editor (e.g. DOS Edit).  If you decide to use a word
          processor make sure you save the file as a DOS text file.

     Hardware
     ~~~~~~~~
          IBM or IBM-compatible computer, 386 or better processor.  

          A hard disk drive with at least 12M free is required to install Xtab.
          However, Xtab creates a lot of temporary files and will need extra
          disk space (at least twice the size of your file) to generate a
          crosstab.

          4MB RAM. 
          
          A monochrome, CGA, EGA, or VGA monitor.


     Installing Xtab 
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          It is recommended that you install it in a directory of its own.





     RUNNING Xtab
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~
     Xtab should be run from the operating system prompt from the directory you
     installed it in.  TYPE "xtab" and then press ENTER in this directory.  



     TUTORIAL
     ~~~~~~~~
     To run this tutorial, make sure the following sample files are in the
     directory you installed Xtab:

          SALES.DBF
          SALES.MDX
          CONTENTS.DBF
          CONTENTS.DBT
          CONTENTS.MDX
          SALES1.CRT
          SALES2.CRT
          SALES3.CRT
          SALES4.CRT
          CONTENTS.CRT


          Generating a Crosstab From Previously Saved Options
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          Xtab can save your options for later retrieval, this includes the
          database file, Row and Column field heading selections, and crosstab
          report option.  After loading your previously saved options file, if
          you press ALT+G from anywhere on the main menu, Xtab will present you
          with a screen to make any final changes.  Pressing ALT+A to accept or
          click on the ACCEPT pushbutton will automatically start the crossstab
          generating process from the options shown on the screen.

          1)   Under the File Menu, press ALT+L or use the UP or DOWN arrow keys
               to highlight "Load Options" and then press ENTER, or press CTRL+L
               or mouseclick on the "Load Options" menu.
     
               A Directory/File List screen will be presented.

          2)   A file list with filenames with extention *.crt will be
               presented.

          3)   Press ALT+F to highlight the filename listbox or mouseclick on
               it.

          4)   Select any one of the files with the .crt filename extention from
               the list by typing the first few characters and then pressing
               ENTER when it is highlighted, or use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to
               highlight and complete by pressing ENTER.

          5)   Press ALT+P to highlight Processing Menu. (Pressing CTL+G from
               anywhere on the main menu will take you to the Generate Crosstab
               function and present you with a screen with crosstab report
               options.)


          6)   Under the Processing Menu, press ALT+G, or highlight the Generate
               Crosstab menu and then press ENTER, or mouseclick on it.  (If you
               pressed the Hot Keys CTL+G from the main menu, this function will
               be bypassed.)

               An options screen will be presented which will show the current
               selections from the loaded options file.

          7)   Enter/modify text up to 70 characters for your first crosstab
               report heading and complete by pressing ENTER. 



               Xtab will highlight the Heading 2 entryfield.

          8)   Enter/modify text for your second crosstab report heading and
               complete by pressing ENTER.

               Xtab will then highlight the Row Headings listbox.

          9)   The entryfield next to the Row Headings listbox will show the
               current field selected as the row heading.  The Row Headings
               field is the field whose contents will be used as the headings
               for the rows.  

               Example 1
               ~~~~~~~~~
               Structure of SALES.DBF file

                    SALESMAN
                    MONTH
                    TURNOVER
          

                                   <--- COLUMNS (SALESMEN)------>
               MONTH     TOTAL      DAVID      JONES      PETER 
          R-+  Feb       2800.00     800.00    1200.00     800.00 -+ X Values
          O |  Jan       2500.00     700.00     800.00    1000.00  | (TURNOVER)
          W |  Mar       2200.00     500.00    1000.00     700.00  | 
          S-+  Apr       1400.00     500.00     500.00     400.00 -+


               In this example the MONTH field has been selected as the Row
               Headings field.  To change this use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to
               highlight your selection and then press ENTER.  You can also type
               the first unique characters and Xtab will quickly scroll to the
               entry whose characters you have so far typed.

               Press ENTER and Xtab will highlight the Columns Headings field.

          10)  The Column Headings listbox is similar to Row Headings.  In this
               example the SALESMAN field has been selected as the Column
               Headings field.  To change this use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to
               highlight your selection and then press ENTER.  You can also type
               the first unique characters and Xtab will quickly scroll to the
               entry whose characters you have so far typed.

               Press ENTER and Xtab will highlight the X Values field.

          11)  The X Values Headings listbox is similar to the Row and Column
               Headings.  The X Values field is the one whose values are cross
               tabulated between the Rows and Columns. In this example the
               TURNOVER field has been selected as the X Values field.  To
               change this use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight your
               selection and then press ENTER.  You can also type the first
               unique characters and Xtab will quickly scroll to the entry whose
               characters you have so far typed.

               Press ENTER to accept.

          Generating a Crosstab From New Options
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



          1)   Under the File Menu, press ALT+O or use the UP or DOWN arrow keys
               to highlight "Open File" and then press ENTER, or press CTRL+O or
               mouseclick on the "Open File" menu.
     
               A Directory/File List screen will be presented.

          2)   A file list with filenames with extention *.dbf will be
               presented.

          3)   Press ALT+F to highlight the filename listbox or mouseclick on
               it.

          4)   Select "SALES.DBF" from the list by typing the first few
               characters and then press ENTER when it is highlighted, or use
               the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and complete by pressing
               ENTER.

          5)   Press ENTER when the ACCEPT pushbutton is highlighted, or ALT +
               A, or mouseclick on it.

               You will be taken back to the main menu.

          6)   Press ALT+P to highlight Processing Menu. (Pressing CTL+G from
               anywhere on the main menu will take you to the Generate Crosstab
               function and present you with a screen with crosstab report
               options.)

          7)   Under the Processing Menu, press ALT+G, or highlight the Generate
               Crosstab menu and then press ENTER, or mouseclick on it.  (If you
               pressed the hot keys CTL+G from anywhere on the main menu, this
               function will be bypassed and you will be taken straight to the
               options screen.)

          8)   Enter text up to 70 characters for your first crosstab report
               heading and complete by pressing ENTER. 

               Xtab will highlight the Heading 2 entryfield.

          9)   Enter text for your second crosstab report heading and complete
               by pressing ENTER.

               Xtab will then highlight the Row Headings listbox.

          10)  The Row Headings field is the field whose contents will be used
               as the headings for the rows.  

               To select the Row Headings field, use the UP or DOWN arrow keys
               to highlight your selection and then press ENTER.  You can also
               type the first unique characters and Xtab will quickly scroll to
               the entry whose characters you have so far typed.

               Press ENTER and Xtab will highlight the Columns Headings field.

          11)  The entries in the Column Headings listbox are similar to the Row
               Headings.  To select the field for column headings, use the UP or
               DOWN arrow keys to highlight your selection and then press ENTER. 
               You can also type the first unique characters and Xtab will
               quickly scroll to the entry whose characters you have so far
               typed.

               Press ENTER and Xtab will highlight the X Values field.



          12)  The entries in the X Values Headings listbox are similar to those
               in the Row and Column Headings.  The X Values field is the one
               whose values are cross tabulated between the Rows and Columns. To
               select the X Values field use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to
               highlight your selection and then press ENTER.  You can also type
               the first unique characters and Xtab will quickly scroll to the
               entry whose characters you have so far typed.

               The ACCEPT pushbutton will be highlighted.  Press ENTER to
               accept, or ALT + A, or mouseclick on it.

               Use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight your report option and
               complete by pressing ENTER.
      

          A browse table will appear on the screen with the crosstab results.

          Use up or down arrow keys, PgUp or PgDn keys to navigate vertically,
          TAB or SHIFT+TAB keys to navigate horizontally.

          Press ESC to clear the browse screen.


     Xtab MENUS
     ~~~~~~~~~~

     FILE MENU
     ~~~~~~~~~
     File      Database Maintenance     Processing
     +---------------------------+
     |Open Existing File Ctrl-O  |
     |---------------------------|
     |Load Options       Ctrl-L  |
     |Save Options       Ctrl-S  |
     |---------------------------|
     |Exit               Alt-F4  |
     +---------------------------+

     Type the first letter of your choice or press the up or down arrow keys to
     highlight your selection and then press enter.


     Open File Ctrl-O
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     Open an existing dBASE compatible file to use.  

          1)   Press Ctrl+O from anywhere on the main menu, or use UP or DOWN
               arrow keys under the File Menu to highlight "Open ..." then press
               ENTER or simply press "O".

               You will be presented with a File List with *.dbf filenames if
               there are any in the current directory.

          2)   Selecting the DRIVE
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press ALT+V to highlight the Drive listbox and then use the UP or
               DOWN arrow keys to select.  (The current drive is shown in the
               entryfield.)  



          3)   Selecting the SUBDIRECTORY
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~     
               You can change the working directory by highlighting ".." to move
               to the parent directory, or highlight any other directory
               available on the list and press ENTER.

          4)   Selecting the FILE 
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Only dBASE compatible files (with *.dbf filename extensions) will
               be shown in the File List menu if there are any in that
               directory.  Make your selection by either typing the first unique
               characters of the filename or use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to
               highlight the desired file and press ENTER.

               Exit your file selection menu by pressing ENTER on the ACCEPT
               pushbutton or pressing the ESC key. 


     Load Options Ctrl-L
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     This option allows you to load selections that you previously saved with
     the Save Options options below.

          1)   Press CTRL+L from anywhere on the main menu or use UP or DOWN
               arrow keys to highlight "Load ..." and then ENTER or simply press
               the letter "L".

               You will be presented with a File List menu with filename
               extensions *.crt if there are any  options files previously saved
               in that current sub directory.

          2)   Selecting the DRIVE
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press ALT+V to highlight the Drive listbox and then use the UP or
               DOWN arrow keys to select.  (The current drive is shown in the
               entryfield.)  

          3)   Selecting the SUBDIRECTORY
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~     
               You can change the working directory by highlighting ".." to move
               to the parent directory, or highlight any other directory
               available on the list and press ENTER.

          4)   Selecting the FILE 
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Only files with *.crt filename extensions will be shown in the
               File List menu if there are any in that directory.  Make your
               selection by either typing the first unique characters of the
               filename or use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight the
               desired file and press ENTER.

               Exit your file selection menu by pressing ENTER on the ACCEPT
               pushbutton or pressing the ESC key. 


     Save Options Ctrl-S  (Registered version only)
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     This function allows you to save all your current options to a file, that
     is database filename, Row and Column Field and Xvalues field selections,
     Sort options. The next time you run Xtab you can simply load these options 
     and generate your crosstab without any further action.



          1)   Press CTRL+S from anywhere on the main menu or use the UP or DOWN
               arrow keys to highlight "Save ..." and then press ENTER or simply
               press the letter "S".

               You will be presented with a filename entry screen.

          2)   Selecting the DRIVE
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press ALT+V to highlight the Drive listbox and then use the UP or
               DOWN arrow keys to select.  (The current drive is shown in the
               entryfield.)  

          3)   Selecting the SUBDIRECTORY
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~     
               You can change the working directory by highlighting ".." to move
               to the parent directory, or highlight any other directory
               available on the list and press ENTER.

          4)   Entering the Filename 
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press ALT+F to highlight the filename entryfield, or mouseclick
               on it.  Enter a valid DOS filename but with no extention.  (Xtab
               will assign the filename extention ".crt".) 

               Exit pressing ENTER on the ACCEPT pushbutton or click on it.

     Exit Alt-F4
     ~~~~~~~~~~~
          Exit quits to the Operating System.




     DATABASE MAINTENANCE
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     File      Database Maintenance     Processing
               +---------------------------------+
               |Create New Database File  Ctrl-N |
               |Browse Database File Alt-B       |
               |Pack Database                    |
               |Reindex Database                 |
               +---------------------------------+


     Create New Database File  Ctrl-N
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     You can create a new dBASE *.dbf ver IV or higher compatible file.  

     Press CTRL+N from anywhere on the main menu, or use the UP or DOWN arrow
     keys to highlight and then press ENTER,  or press "N" under the Files Menu 
     A screen similar to the one below appears:

          +---------------------------------------------------+
          |FIELD_NAME|FIELD_TYPE|FIELD_LEN|FIELD_DEC|FIELD_IDX|
          |----------+----------+---------+---------+---------|
          |          |          |         |        0|        0|     
          |          |          |         |         |         |     
          |          |          |         |         |         |     
          |          |          |         |         |         |     
          |          |          |         |         |         |     
          +---------------------------------------------------+

          Entering File Structure Details
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          FIELD NAME     With the cursor highlighting the FIELD_NAME entry,
                         enter a valid name for the field up to ten characters
                         in length. The first character must be an alphabetic
                         character and the rest may consist of alphanumeric
                         characters.  Underscore "_" character is also allowed.  

                         Press ENTER or TAB to move to FIELD_TYPE column. 
                         
                         Pressing ESC on FIELD_NAME column closes the field
                         structure screen.

          FIELD TYPE     Valid field types are (N)umeric, (F)loat, (C)haracter,
                         (D)ate, (L)ogical and (M)emo. 

                         Press the first letter of the desired type or SPACE to
                         scroll through options. 

                         Complete selection by hitting ENTER to move to the
                         FIELD_LEN column.

          FIELD LENGTH   Field lengths can be up to 20 characters for NUMERIC
                         and FLOAT fields. CHARACTER fields can be up to 254
                         characters in length.  DATE fields are fixed at 8
                         characters in length.  LOGICAL fields are fixed at 1
                         character.  MEMO fields are automatically assigned a
                         length of 10 bytes in the database file, although each
                         entry may contain up to 64K.  ENTER key completes
                         selection and moves cursor to FIELD_DEC column.



          DECIMAL PLACES Up to 18 decimal places can be specified on NUMERIC and
                         FLOAT fields.  ENTER key completes selection and moves
                         the cursor to the FIELD_IDX column.

          INDEX          Press (Y)es or (N)o to indicate whether to INDEXED this
                         field or not.  ENTER key completes selection.


          You can enter up to 254 fields per database file.

          Pressing ESC on the FIELD_NAME field completes the fields creation
          function and closes the entry screen.

          Entering the Filename
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          1)   Use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight the directory you want
               to create the file, and then press ENTER.

          2)   With the Filename entryfield highlighted, enter a valid DOS
               filename (with no extention - Xtab will assign the dbf extention)
               which can comprise of alphanumeric characters (underscore "_" is
               also allowed) and can be up to 8 characters in length. ESC aborts
               the filename entry and you lose all your field definitions. 
               ENTER completes the entry and returns you to the Main Menu.


          Browse Database File ALT+B
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          You can browse an open database file, add more records, modify and
          delete records.

          Press ALT+B from anywhere on the main menu, or use the UP or DOWN
          arrow keys to highlight and then press ENTER, or press ALT+B under the
          Database Maintenance menu.


          1)   Add Records
               ~~~~~~~~~~~
               Enter the details in each field and press ENTER to complete each
               field entry.  Use the TAB or SHIFT+TAB keys to navigate left or 
               right.  If you are on the first record and you press ENTER on the
               last field, you will be prompted whether to add more records or
               not.  Press Y to add more records.

               To add details on a MEMO field, press CTRL+HOME with the cursor
               highlighting the MEMO field.  Use the normal edit keys to enter
               text.  Press CTRL+END to save the MEMO details and exit.
          
               Press CTRL+END to save your changes.

          2)   Modify Records
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Use the normal navigation keys (UP, DOWN, PgUp and PgDn) to
               highlight the desired entry and modify.  You can also use the TAB
               or SHIFT+TAB keys to navigate left or right.

               To add details on a MEMO field, press CTRL+HOME with the cursor
               highlighting the MEMO field.  Use the normal edit keys to enter
               text.  Press CTRL+END to save the MEMO details and exit.



               Press CTRL+END to save your changes.

          3)   Delete Records
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press CTRL+U on the desired record to delete.

               Press CTRL+END to save your changes.
      
          Pack Database
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          This option will compact the open database file.  Records deleted
          under the Modify and Delete functions above are only marked for
          deletion and can optionally be undeleted.  This option will
          permanently remove the deleted records and frees up more disk space.  
          Packing also reindexes the database.

          Press ALT+P under the Database Maintenance menu, or use the UP or DOWN
          arrow keys to hightlight and then press ENTER.
     
          Reindex Database
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          In very rare instances, the index files may become corrupt.  This can
          happen say of you get a power failure while editing a database file.  
          Reindexing can sometimes correct the problem.

          It is not necessary to reindex a file if you have just issued a pack
          command as this also reindexes the file.
     
          Press ALT+R under the Database Maintenance menu, or use the UP or DOWN
          arrow keys to highlight and then press ENTER.




     GENERATING MENU
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
     File      Database Maintenance     Processing
                                        +---------------------------+
                                        |Generate Crosstab    Ctrl-G|
                                        |Save CrossTab Results Alt-S|
                                        |Print CrossTab        Alt-P|
                                        |Display Crosstab Results   |
                                        |Global Options             |
                                        +---------------------------+



          Generate Crosstab Ctrl-G
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          Before invoking this function, make sure you have chosen the file to
          cross tabulate, or loaded selections previous saved.

          Press CTRL+G from anywhere on the main menu, or use the UP or DOWN
          arrow keys under the Generating menu to highlight and then press
          ENTER, or mouseclick on it.  

          1)   Entering Report Heading 1
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               If not highlighted, press ALT+H.

               Enter text up to 70 characters in length for your first report
               heading.  Complete by pressing ENTER and the Heading 2 entryfield
               will be highlighted.

          2)   Entering Report Heading 2
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               If not highlighted, press ALT + E.

               Enter text up to 70 characters in length for your second report
               heading.  Complete by pressing ENTER and the Row Headings listbox
               will be highlighted.

          3)   Selecting the Row Headings Field
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               If not already highlighted, press ALT+R to select the Row
               Headings listbox.

               Type in the first unique characters of the desired field and Xtab
               will quickly scroll to the entry whose characters you have typed
               so far.  You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight
               your selection.

               Complete by pressing ENTER and the Column Headings listbox will
               be highlighted.

          4)   Selecting the Column Headings Field
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               If not already highlighted, press ALT+C to select the Column
               Headings listbox.

               Type in the first unique characters of the desired field and Xtab
               will quickly scroll to the entry whose characters you have typed
               so far.  You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight
               your selection.



               Complete by pressing ENTER and the X Values listbox will be
               highlighted.

          5)   Selecting the X Values Field
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               If not already highlighted, press ALT+V to select the X Values
               listbox.

               Type in the first unique characters of the desired field and Xtab
               will quickly scroll to the entry whose characters you have typed
               so far.  You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight
               your selection.

               Complete by pressing ENTER and the ACCEPT pushbutton will be
               highlighted for you to confirm your selections.

          6)   Crosstab Report Types
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               i)   Detailed Report
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                    Press ALT+T to generate a detailed crosstab report on
                    Numeric or Float fields.

                    You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and
                    then press ENTER, or click on it.

               ii)  Summary Report
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                    Press ALT+U to generate a summary crosstab report on Numeric
                    or Float fields.

                    You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and
                    then press ENTER, or click on it.

               iii) Averages
                    ~~~~~~~~
                    Press ALT+G to calculate averages on Numeric or Float
                    fields.

                    You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and
                    then press ENTER, or click on it.

               iv)  Maximum Values
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                    Press ALT+M to calculate maximum values on Numeric or Float
                    fields.

                    You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and
                    then press ENTER, or click on it.

               v)   Minimum Values
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                    Press ALT+N to calculate maximum values on Numeric or Float
                    fields.

                    You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and
                    then press ENTER, or click on it.

               vi)  Standard Deviations
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



                    Press ALT+S to calculate standard deviations on Numeric or
                    Float fields.

                    You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and
                    then press ENTER, or click on it.

               vii) Variances
                    ~~~~~~~~~
                    Press ALT+V to calculate variances on Numeric or Float
                    fields.

                    You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and
                    then press ENTER, or click on it.

               viii)Count
                    ~~~~~
                    Press ALT+O to count the number of occurances of a variable,
                    can be numeric of none-numeric.  A none-numeric field value
                    which is assigned any of the other options above will
                    automatically be assigned the count option. 

                    You can also use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and
                    then press ENTER, or click on it.
          
          6)   Accept
               ~~~~~~
               Press ENTER with the ACCEPT pushbutton highlighted, or ALT+A, or
               mouse click on it.

               After pressing ENTER, generation will commence.  A dialog box
               will appear on the screen to show the progress.  Generation can
               take sometime depending on the size of your file.

               A browse screen with the generated crosstab results finally
               appears on your screen.  You can use the TAB or SHIFT+TAB keys to
               move from field to field, UP, DOWN arrow keys and PgUp or PgDn
               keys navigate vertically.

               Pressing ESC key clears the browse screen and returns you to the
               menu.


          Save Crosstab Results ALT+S (Registered Version Only)
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          You can save the results of the last generated crosstab to a dBASE ver
          IV or higher compatible *.dbf file. This file can be used outside Xtab
          with any dBASE file compatible program.

          Press ALT+S from anywhere on the main menu, or use the UP or DOWN
          arrow keys to highlight "Save ..." and then ENTER, or simply press the
          letter "S" to make your selection. 

          You will then be presented with a screen with listboxes of drives and
          directories and an entryfield to enter the filename.

          1)   Selecting the Subdirectory
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press ALT+R or click on the Directory listbox if it is not
               highlighted.



               Use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight the desired
               subdirectory and then press ENTER.   The CHANGE SUBDIRECTORY
               pushbutton will be highlighted for you to confirm your selection. 

               To select a parent directory, highlight the ".." entry.

               Press ENTER on it and the subdirectory listbox will be refreshed
               to show the new directories in it.

               Repeat the process until the full path of the desired directory
               is shown in the directory entryfield.

          2)   Entering the File Name
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press ALT+F to select the File Name entryfield. Enter a valid DOS
               filename which can comprise of alphanumeric characters
               (underscore "_" is also allowed) and must be up to 8 characters
               in length.  Do NOT enter a filename extention - Xtab will assign
               the .dbf filename extention.  

               The SAVE pushbutton will be highlighted for you to accept the
               filename and exit.  Press ENTER, or press ALT+A or click on it.

               ESC aborts the filename entry and the crosstab results will be
               discarded. 

          3)   Selecting the Disk Drive
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press ALT+V to select the Drives listbox.

               Use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight the desired drive and
               complete by pressing ENTER.

          4)   Save
               ~~~~
               Press ALT+S or click on the SAVE pushbutton to save the crosstab
               results to a dBASE compatible file.

          Print Crosstab Results
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          This function prints the last generated crosstab to a printer or
          textfile.

          Make sure your printer is online before invoking this function.

          Move the up or down arrow keys to highlight "Print ..." then
          ENTER or simply press letter "P" to make your selection.

          An options screen where you choose the report destination (File or
          Printer) will be presented.

          a)   Send Report Output to Printer
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Make sure the printer is online before selecting this option.

               Highlight Printer on the options screen by using the UP or DOWN
               arrow keys and then use the SPACE bar to toggle option - [X] send
               report to printer, [ ] do not send report to printer.

          b)   Sending the Report to a Textfile
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



               Highlight File on the options screen by using the UP or DOWN
               arrow keys and then use the SPACE bar to toggle option - [X] send
               report to file, [ ] do not send report to file.

               1)   Selecting the Subdirecotry
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                    Press ALT+R or click on the Directory listbox if it is not
                    highlighted.

                    Use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight the desired
                    subdirectory and then press ENTER.   The CHANGE SUBDIRECTORY
                    pushbutton will be highlighted for you to confirm your
                    selection.  
          
                    To select a parent directory, highlight the ".." entry.

                    Press ENTER on it and the subdirectory listbox will be
                    refreshed to show the new directories in it.

                    Repeat the process until the full path of the desired
                    directory is shown in the directory entryfield.

               2)   Entering the File Name
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                    Press ALT+F to select the File Name entryfield. Enter a
                    valid DOS filename which can comprise of alphanumeric
                    characters (underscore "_" is also allowed) and must be up
                    to 8 characters in length.  Do NOT enter a filename
                    extention - Xtab will assign the .txt filename extention.  

                    The ACCEPT pushbutton will be highlighted for you to accept
                    the filename and exit.

                    ESC aborts the filename entry function.

               3)   Selecting the Disk Drive
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                    Press ALT+V to select the Drives listbox.

                    Use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight the desired drive
                    and complete by pressing ENTER.

               4)   Accept
                    ~~~~~~
                    Press ALT+A or click on the ACCEPT pushbutton to print the
                    crosstab results.

                    The main menu will be displayed when Xtab has finished
                    printing.

          Display Last Crosstab Results
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          This option will display the last generated crosstab results onto the
          screen as long as you have not exited Xtab.

          Press ALT+D or use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and then
          press ENTER.  A display screen will be presented with the last
          crosstab results.

          Press ESC to close the screen.



          Global Options
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          Press ALT+O or use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight and then
          press ENTER.

          1)   Printer Pitch
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press ALT+P to highlight the Printer Pitch entryfield.  Use the
               SPACE bar to scroll through options Pica, Elite or Condensed. 
               You can also press the first letters (P)for Pica, (E)for Elite or
               (C) for Condensed.  Press ENTER to complete.

          2)   Page Length
               ~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press ALT+L to highlight the Page Length entryfield.  Enter the
               printed page length and complete by pressing ENTER.


          3)   Display Year as Two/Four Digits in Dates
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               This functions displays the year in date fields in browse screens
               as two digits, eg 31/12/98 or four digits, eg 31/12/1998.
          
               Press ALT+Y to highlight and then press SPACE bar to toggle
               options - [X] display year as four digits, [ ] display year as
               two digits.  Complete by pressing ENTER.

          4)   Date Format
               ~~~~~~~~~~~
               Press ALT+F to highlight the date format listbox or click on it. 
               Use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight your choice and then
               press ENTER.

          5)   Printer Driver
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
               This option allows you to select the driver of the printer
               attached to the computer.

               The default printer driver is "Generic.PR2".  This driver should
               work with most printers.

               Press ALT+R to highlight the Printer Driver listbox or click on
               it.  

               Use the UP or DOWN arrow keys to highlight the desired printer
               then press ENTER.  You can also type the first unique characters
               and the program will quickly move to the entry whose first
               characters match the ones you have entered so far.

               Complete by pressing ENTER.

          Accept
          ~~~~~~
          Press ALT+A to accept and save your options.
